Ghosh Abhishek, Verma Abhishek, Choudhury Shinjini, Dhawan Priyanka
Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
Department of Psychology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
Drug Alcohol Rev. 2025 Feb;44(2):576-587. doi: 10.1111/dar.13995. Epub 2024 Dec 22.
Alcohol use during pregnancy is a significant public health concern due to its adverse outcomes for the mother and developing fetus. This study aims to estimate the national and state-wise prevalence of alcohol use during pregnancy in India and examine associated social, demographic and health-related correlates using data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) conducted in 2019-2020.
Data from NFHS-5, a large-scale, nationally representative survey, were analysed. The survey included comprehensive interviews with 724,115 women aged 15-49 years, covering all 28 states and 8 union territories of India. The main outcome was self-reported alcohol use during the respondents' current or most recent pregnancy. Explanatory variables included age, economic status, education level, tribal affiliation, urban/rural residence, planned/unplanned pregnancy, adequacy of antenatal care and tobacco use. Statistical analyses included chi-square tests for unadjusted comparisons and logistic regression for adjusted odds ratios (AOR).
The prevalence of alcohol use during pregnancy was 1.26% nationally, with significant regional variations. The highest prevalence rates were in Arunachal Pradesh (13.03%), Chhattisgarh (5.77%) and Assam (5.62%). Key correlates included belonging to Scheduled Tribes (AOR 7.987, 95% CI 5.73-11.134), having no education (AOR 1.733, 95% CI 1.025-2.931) and tobacco use (AOR 3.389, 95% CI 2.647-4.338). Regional analysis showed the highest adjusted odds for the Northeast (AOR 19.753, 95% CI 4.87-80.116) region.
Alcohol use during pregnancy in India shows significant regional and socio-demographic disparities. The findings highlight the need for targeted public health interventions and policies, particularly in high-risk groups and regions.
孕期饮酒是一个重大的公共卫生问题，因为它会对母亲和发育中的胎儿产生不良后果。本研究旨在估计印度全国及各邦孕期饮酒的患病率，并利用2019 - 2020年进行的全国家庭健康调查（NFHS - 5）的数据，研究相关的社会、人口和健康相关因素。
对NFHS - 5这一具有全国代表性的大规模调查数据进行分析。该调查包括对724,115名年龄在15 - 49岁的女性进行全面访谈，覆盖印度所有28个邦和8个联邦属地。主要结果是受访者在当前或最近一次怀孕期间自我报告的饮酒情况。解释变量包括年龄、经济状况、教育水平、部落归属、城乡居住情况、计划内/计划外怀孕、产前护理充足程度和烟草使用情况。统计分析包括用于未调整比较的卡方检验和用于调整比值比（AOR）的逻辑回归。
全国孕期饮酒患病率为1.26%，存在显著的地区差异。患病率最高的是阿鲁纳恰尔邦（13.03%）、恰蒂斯加尔邦（5.77%）和阿萨姆邦（5.62%）。关键相关因素包括属于在册部落（AOR 7.987，95%置信区间5.73 - 11.134）、未接受教育（AOR 1.733，95%置信区间1.025 - 2.931）和烟草使用（AOR 3.389，95%置信区间2.647 - 4.338）。区域分析显示东北地区调整后的比值比最高（AOR 19.753，95%置信区间4.87 - 80.116）。
印度孕期饮酒存在显著的地区和社会人口差异。研究结果凸显了有针对性的公共卫生干预措施和政策的必要性，特别是在高危群体和地区。
