Bergqvist D, Lindblad B
Br J Surg. 1985 Feb;72(2):105-8. doi: 10.1002/bjs.1800720211.
A retrospective study was undertaken of all surgical patients in Malmö, Sweden, during the period 1951-1980, in whom pulmonary emboli were found at autopsy. The autopsy rate was high throughout the period, ranging from 73 to 100 per cent. Of 5477 patients who died during the period, 1274 had pulmonary emboli (23.6 per cent), 349 of which were considered fatal, 353 contributory to death and 572 incidental. Fifty-one per cent of the patients were not operated upon. The number of contributory and incidental emboli increased over the period, to some extent probably reflecting greater thoroughness in postmortems. The frequency of fatal pulmonary emboli decreased in the last 5 year period. Pulmonary embolism was more rare in patients under 50 years of age. The proportion of females increased. In 24 cases major embolism emanated from thrombi around central venous catheters. This retrospective analysis of a large number of patients shows that pulmonary embolism continues to be a major cause of death in surgical patients, and in Malmö as common a cause of death in operated as in nonoperated patients.
对1951年至1980年期间瑞典马尔默所有接受手术的患者进行了一项回顾性研究，这些患者在尸检时发现有肺栓塞。在此期间尸检率一直很高，范围从73%到100%。在该期间死亡的5477名患者中，1274名有肺栓塞（23.6%），其中349例被认为是致命的，353例导致死亡，572例为偶然发现。51%的患者未接受手术。在此期间，导致死亡和偶然发现的栓塞数量有所增加，这在一定程度上可能反映了尸检更加彻底。在最后5年期间，致命性肺栓塞的发生率有所下降。肺栓塞在50岁以下的患者中较为罕见。女性的比例有所增加。在24例中，严重栓塞源于中心静脉导管周围的血栓。对大量患者的这项回顾性分析表明，肺栓塞仍然是手术患者死亡的主要原因，在马尔默，它在接受手术的患者和未接受手术的患者中都是常见的死亡原因。
