Seker Ramazan, Isik Ozkan, Durukan Erdil, Eraslan Meric, Talaghir Laurentiu-Gabriel, Dorgan Viorel
Faculty of Sport Sciences, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Türkiye.
Faculty of Sports Sciences, Balıkesir University, Balikesir, Türkiye.
Front Nutr. 2024 Dec 6;11:1505759. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1505759. eCollection 2024.
It is known that combat athletes frequently lose weight before a competition. This study aimed to determine the weight loss methods before an official championship and the effects of these weight loss methods on the performance of wrestlers.
The sample of the study consisted of 350 competitive wrestlers. The "Athlete Weight Loss Methodology and Effects Scale" and personal information form were used as data collection tools in the study. In the data analysis, independent samples T-test, One-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation analysis were used in addition to descriptive statistics.
Wrestlers generally reported dieting by restricting fatty (89.1%) and carbohydrate (83.4%) foods. It was observed that they preferred jogging with a raincoat (89.1%) and/or using the sauna (79.7%) as a weight loss method. Wrestlers also reported that they performed weight loss, although at a low level, by using ergogenic aids such as laxatives (31.7%) and/or diuretic pills (28.0%). They were observed to experience physiological effects such as muscle cramps (72.9%), injury (71.1%), and/or difficulty breathing (60.9%), as well as psychological effects such as feeling extremely tired (81.7%), stress (79.7%), decreased performance (78.6%) and/or extremely irritability (71.4%). It was determined that there was no difference between the weight loss methods and effects of the wrestlers according to their gender and wrestling style ( > 0.05). On the other hand, it was determined that the diet level of U20 wrestlers was higher than U17 ( < 0.05) and Senior wrestlers and that U17 and U20 wrestlers were exposed to higher levels of physiological and psychological effects than Senior wrestlers ( < 0.05).
It was determined that wrestlers preferred methods such as restricting food and fluids, using a sauna, and jogging with a raincoat to lose weight. It is necessary to prevent young wrestlers from losing weight before the competition. Thus, it is possible to prevent wrestlers in their development period (U17 and U20) from being exposed to physiological and psychological effects caused by losing weight.
众所周知，格斗运动员在比赛前经常会减重。本研究旨在确定正式锦标赛前的减重方法以及这些减重方法对摔跤运动员表现的影响。
本研究样本包括350名竞技摔跤运动员。研究中使用了“运动员减重方法及影响量表”和个人信息表作为数据收集工具。在数据分析中，除描述性统计外，还使用了独立样本T检验、单因素方差分析和皮尔逊相关分析。
摔跤运动员普遍报告通过限制脂肪类（89.1%）和碳水化合物类（83.4%）食物进行节食。据观察，他们更喜欢穿着雨衣慢跑（89.1%）和/或使用桑拿（79.7%）作为减重方法。摔跤运动员还报告称，他们使用泻药（31.7%）和/或利尿剂（28.0%）等促效辅助剂进行减重，尽管程度较低。据观察，他们会出现肌肉痉挛（72.9%）、受伤（71.1%）和/或呼吸困难（60.9%）等生理影响，以及极度疲劳（81.7%）、压力（79.7%）、表现下降（78.6%）和/或极度易怒（71.4%）等心理影响。根据性别和摔跤风格，确定摔跤运动员的减重方法和影响之间没有差异（>0.05）。另一方面，确定U20摔跤运动员的节食程度高于U17（<0.05）和成年摔跤运动员，并且U17和U20摔跤运动员比成年摔跤运动员受到更高水平的生理和心理影响（<0.05）。
确定摔跤运动员更喜欢通过限制食物和液体摄入、使用桑拿以及穿着雨衣慢跑等方法来减重。有必要防止年轻摔跤运动员在比赛前减重。因此，有可能防止处于发育期的摔跤运动员（U17和U20）受到减重所带来的生理和心理影响。
