Steen S N, Brownell K D
Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104-3246.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1990 Dec;22(6):762-8. doi: 10.1249/00005768-199012000-00005.
To assess current weight loss practices in wrestlers, 63 college wrestlers and 368 high school wrestlers completed a questionnaire that examined the frequency and magnitude of weight loss, weight control methods, emotions associated with weight loss, dieting patterns, and preoccupation with food. Clear patterns emerged showing frequent, rapid, and large weight loss and regain cycles. Of the college wrestlers, 41% reported weight fluctuations of 5.0-9.1 kg each week of the season. For the high school wrestlers, 23% lost 2.7-4.5 kg weekly. In the college cohort, 35% lost 0.5-4.5 kg over 100 times in their life, and 22% had lost 5.0-9.1 kg between 21 and 50 times in their life. Of the high school wrestlers, 42% had already lost 5.0-9.1 kg 1-5 times in their life. A variety of aggressive methods wer used to lose weight including dehydration, food restriction, fasting, and, for a few, vomiting, laxatives, and diuretics. "Making weight" was associated with fatigue, anger, and anxiety. Thirty to forty percent of the wrestlers, at both the high school and college level, reported being preoccupied with food and eating out of control after a match. The tradition of "making weight" still appears to be integral to wrestling. The potential physiological, psychological, and health consequences of these practices merit further attention.
为评估摔跤运动员当前的减重做法，63名大学摔跤运动员和368名高中摔跤运动员完成了一份调查问卷，该问卷调查了减重的频率和幅度、体重控制方法、与减重相关的情绪、节食模式以及对食物的过度关注。清晰的模式显现出来，表明存在频繁、快速且大幅度的体重减轻和恢复循环。在大学摔跤运动员中，41%报告称在赛季的每周体重波动为5.0 - 9.1千克。对于高中摔跤运动员，23%每周减重2.7 - 4.5千克。在大学组中，35%在一生中减重0.5 - 4.5千克超过100次，22%在一生中减重5.0 - 9.1千克达21至五十次。在高中摔跤运动员中，42%在一生中已经减重5.0 - 9.1千克1至5次。人们使用了各种激进的方法来减重，包括脱水、食物限制、禁食，还有少数人使用呕吐、泻药和利尿剂。“达到比赛体重”与疲劳、愤怒和焦虑有关。在高中和大学水平的摔跤运动员中，30%至40%报告称对食物过度关注，且在比赛后饮食失控。“达到比赛体重”的传统似乎在摔跤运动中仍然不可或缺。这些做法潜在的生理、心理和健康后果值得进一步关注。
