Shiratsuchi Daijo, Taniguchi Yoshiaki, Akaida Shoma, Tateishi Mana, Kiuchi Yuto, Kuratsu Ryota, Makizako Hyuma
Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2025 Feb;25(2):173-181. doi: 10.1111/ggi.15042. Epub 2024 Dec 23.
Alpha-actinin 3 (ACTN3) is associated with diminished physical function and muscle mass in older individuals. However, the effects of lifestyle on this relationship remain unclear. This study explored whether the association between ACTN3 polymorphisms and physical function and body composition varied based on exercise and dietary habits.
A longitudinal analysis of 197 community-dwelling individuals aged 60 years and older (mean age 72.5 ± 5.9 years, 60.9% women) in the Tarumizu study provided data on ACTN3 gene polymorphisms, with surveys completed in 2019 and 2022 (mean follow-up 1156 ± 80.0 days). Physical performance (grip strength, walking speed) and body composition (body weight, appendicular skeletal muscle mass [ASMM], and fat mass) were assessed. Genetic polymorphisms were analyzed in oral mucosa samples and categorized into type R allele carriers and type XX alleles (homozygous for minor alleles). Median values determined exercise habits (≤4 days/week or ≥5 days/week) and dietary habits based on high-protein-food frequency scores.
The proportion of type XX genetic polymorphism was 26.4%. Two-way repeated-measures analysis of covariance showed a significant interaction between genetic polymorphism and time for ASMM (F = 10.552, P = 0.002) in the ≤4 days/week exercise habits group. Significant interactions were observed in grip strength (F = 7.013, P = 0.009) and ASMM (F = 5.347, P = 0.023) for the ≤11 score high-protein-intake group.
This association may contribute to accelerated age-related changes in physical performance and body composition, particularly among individuals with type XX genetic polymorphism who have low exercise habits and a limited intake of high-protein foods. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2025; 25: 173-181.
α-辅肌动蛋白3（ACTN3）与老年人身体机能下降和肌肉量减少有关。然而，生活方式对这种关系的影响尚不清楚。本研究探讨了ACTN3基因多态性与身体机能及身体成分之间的关联是否因运动和饮食习惯而异。
在垂水研究中，对197名60岁及以上的社区居住者（平均年龄72.5±5.9岁，女性占60.9%）进行纵向分析，提供了ACTN3基因多态性数据，调查于2019年和2022年完成（平均随访1156±80.0天）。评估了身体机能（握力、步行速度）和身体成分（体重、四肢骨骼肌量[ASMM]和脂肪量）。在口腔黏膜样本中分析基因多态性，并根据运动习惯（≤4天/周或≥5天/周）和基于高蛋白食物频率得分的饮食习惯进行分类。
XX型基因多态性的比例为26.4%。双向重复测量协方差分析显示，在每周运动≤4天的习惯组中，基因多态性与时间之间对ASMM存在显著交互作用（F = 10.552，P = 0.002）。在高蛋白摄入量≤11分的组中，握力（F = 7.013，P = 0.009）和ASMM（F = 5.347，P = 0.023）观察到显著交互作用。
这种关联可能导致身体机能和身体成分的年龄相关变化加速，特别是在具有XX型基因多态性、运动习惯少且高蛋白食物摄入量有限的个体中。《老年医学与老年学国际杂志》2025年；25：173 - 181。
