Hepatitis B and C virus infection among couples undergoing premarital screening in Iraqi Kurdistan.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are significant global health challenges, leading to severe complications such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Despite available vaccines and treatments, these infections persist, particularly, in regions such as Iraq. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of HBV and HCV among couples attending premarital screening programs in Zakho, Kurdistan Region of Iraq and explore the associated demographic risk factors.

METHODS

A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from October 1, 2019 to December 31, 2023, including 15,091 couples. Laboratory screening for HBV and HCV was performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, followed by RNA quantification for HCV-positive cases.

RESULTS

Of the total of 15,091 couples, the overall prevalence of HBV was 0.92% and HCV was 0.07%. Males, individuals aged 23-31 years, and urban residents had higher infection rates. Significant risk factors included age 23-31 years, male gender, and urban residency ( <0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

The prevalence of HBV and HCV among couples in Zakho is consistent with regional data. Higher infection rates in males and urban areas suggest the need for targeted interventions, including public education and screening for high-risk populations.