Jia Xiaofang, Su Chang, He Yuna, Du Wenwen, Zhang Jiguo, Huang Feifei, Zhang Xiaofan, Guan Fangxu, Bai Jing, Wei Yanli, Li Li, Ouyang Yifei, Wang Huijun
NHC Key Laboratory of Public Nutrition and Health, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China.
Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2024 Nov;53(6):862-879. doi: 10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2024.06.002.
To analyze dietary energy and macronutrient intake and food sources of adult residents in 10 provinces(autonomous regions) in China.
The data were derived from the 2022-2023 China Development and Nutrition Health Impact Cohort Survey and the China Health and Nutrition Survey, and adults(≥18 years) with completed demographic characteristics and dietary data were selected. Energy, macronutrient intakes, and their contribution to total energy, and protein food sources by characteristics of subjects were analyzed, which were further compared with the acceptable macronutrient distribution range(AMDR) and the estimated average requirement of protein.
Daily intake levels of energy, protein, fat and carbohydrate of Chinese adults were 1941.15 kcal, 61.56 g, 87.45 g and 222.07 g, respectively. The proportions of subjects with energy contribution from protein, fat and carbohydrate meeting corresponding AMDR were 59.65%, 16.39% and 26.79%, respectively, while the proportions of subjects with optimal protein intake(% energy) were the lowest in subjects aged 65-79 years(20.90%) and ≥80 years(21.04%). Moreover, the proportions of subjects in different groups of macronutrient energy supply ratios were significantly different by age and urban-rural(all P<0.05). Adults at risk of insufficient protein intake accounted for 45.00%, which was significantly affected by age, gender and urban-rural areas(all P<0.05). In particular, proportion of elder adults ≥80 years with insufficient protein intake was the highest(60.30%), that in males was higher than females, and that in adults living in rural was higher than in urban. Animal foods, cereals, other foods and legumes were the main food sources of protein intake of Chinese adults, and their contribution rates to protein were 39.52%, 34.17%, 20.19% and 6.12%, respectively.
The dietary structure of adults in 10 provinces(autonomous regions) in China is unreasonable, especially the elderly and rural residents.
分析中国10个省（自治区）成年居民的膳食能量、宏量营养素摄入量及食物来源。
数据来源于2022 - 2023年中国发展与营养健康影响队列调查及中国健康与营养调查，选取具有完整人口学特征和膳食数据的成年人（≥18岁）。分析受试者的能量、宏量营养素摄入量及其对总能量的贡献，以及按受试者特征划分的蛋白质食物来源，并与宏量营养素可接受分布范围（AMDR）和蛋白质估计平均需求量进行进一步比较。
中国成年人每日能量、蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物摄入量分别为1941.15千卡、61.56克、87.45克和222.07克。蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物能量贡献符合相应AMDR的受试者比例分别为59.65%、16.39%和26.79%，而蛋白质摄入量（%能量）最优的受试者比例在65 - 79岁（20.90%）和≥80岁（21.04%）的人群中最低。此外，不同宏量营养素能量供应比例组的受试者比例在年龄和城乡方面存在显著差异（所有P<0.05）。蛋白质摄入不足风险的成年人占45.00%，受年龄、性别和城乡因素影响显著（所有P<0.05）。特别是≥80岁老年人蛋白质摄入不足的比例最高（60.30%），男性高于女性，农村成年人高于城市成年人。动物性食物、谷类、其他食物和豆类是中国成年人蛋白质摄入的主要食物来源，它们对蛋白质的贡献率分别为39.52%、34.17%、20.19%和6.12%。
中国10个省（自治区）成年人的膳食结构不合理，尤其是老年人和农村居民。
