Acar Zeynep, Jackson Sarah, Klosterhalfen Stephanie, Kotz Daniel
Institute of General Practice, Centre for Health and Society, Addiction Research and Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Medical Faculty of the Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany.
Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK.
BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med. 2024 Dec 22;10(4):e002087. doi: 10.1136/bmjsem-2024-002087. eCollection 2024.
Physical inactivity and tobacco smoking remain the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Germany, smoking prevalence is high at around 30%, and only 45% achieve the WHO recommendation for physical activity (PA). Understanding how smoking and physical inactivity co-occur can inform interventions targeting these behaviours.
We analysed data from 4073 adults (≥18 years) participating in a national household survey between April and July 2022. We tested the association between PA level (not=reference/low/medium/very active) and smoking status (never=reference/ex/current smoker). Among current smokers, we tested associations between PA level and cigarettes smoked per day, time spent with and strength of urges to smoke and motivation to stop smoking.
Overall, 29.9% (95% CI=28.5; 31.4) reported no leisure-time PA; among current smokers, it was 39.8% (95% CI=37.3; 42.4). Higher PA levels were associated with lower odds of being a current versus never smoker (OR=0.74, 95% CI=0.69; 0.79). Among current smokers, higher PA levels were associated with smoking fewer cigarettes per day (β=-0.98, 95% CI=-1.39; -0.56), weaker urges to smoke (OR=0.81, 95% CI=0.74; 0.89) and higher motivation to stop smoking (OR=1.13, 95% CI=1.02; 1.24). The association between PA and time spent with urges to smoke was not statistically significant (OR=0.93, 95% CI=0.85; 1.02).
People who are more physically active are less likely to smoke. Current smokers with higher PA levels smoke less, are less dependent and are more motivated to quit. Further research is required to determine whether these associations are causal and, if so, whether interventions to increase PA could help people to quit smoking.
缺乏身体活动和吸烟仍是全球发病和死亡的主要原因。在德国，吸烟率很高，约为30%，只有45%的人达到世界卫生组织的身体活动建议。了解吸烟和缺乏身体活动如何共同出现可为针对这些行为的干预措施提供信息。
我们分析了2022年4月至7月期间参与一项全国家庭调查的4073名成年人（≥18岁）的数据。我们测试了身体活动水平（不活动=参照组/低/中/非常活跃）与吸烟状况（从不吸烟=参照组/曾经吸烟/当前吸烟者）之间的关联。在当前吸烟者中，我们测试了身体活动水平与每日吸烟量、有吸烟冲动的时长和强度以及戒烟动机之间的关联。
总体而言，29.9%（95%置信区间=28.5；31.4）的人报告没有休闲时间的身体活动；在当前吸烟者中，这一比例为39.8%（95%置信区间=37.3；42.4）。较高的身体活动水平与当前吸烟者与从不吸烟者相比的较低几率相关（比值比=0.74，95%置信区间=0.69；0.79）。在当前吸烟者中，较高的身体活动水平与每日吸烟量减少（β=-0.98，95%置信区间=-1.39；-0.56）、吸烟冲动较弱（比值比=0.81，95%置信区间=0.74；0.89）和较高的戒烟动机（比值比=1.13，95%置信区间=1.02；1.24）相关。身体活动与有吸烟冲动的时长之间的关联无统计学意义（比值比=0.93，95%置信区间=0.85；1.02）。
身体活动较多的人吸烟的可能性较小。身体活动水平较高的当前吸烟者吸烟较少，依赖性较低，戒烟动机较强。需要进一步研究以确定这些关联是否具有因果关系，如果是，增加身体活动的干预措施是否有助于人们戒烟。
