Yang Xiaozhe, Sima Yutong, Zhao Jinming, Zhang Jing, Wang Xiangdong, Zhang Luo
Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Department of Allergy, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Front Allergy. 2024 Dec 10;5:1479493. doi: 10.3389/falgy.2024.1479493. eCollection 2024.
Several epidemiological studies have shown that allergic rhinitis (AR) patients are more susceptible to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
We aim to investigate the risk factors for COVID-19 in AR patients.
A retrospective nationwide cohort study was conducted based on a questionnaire survey in China. The baseline characteristics, region of residence, smoking and drinking status, comorbidities, vaccination status and previous infection information were obtained. Allergen test results, the SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test, and antigen detection results were collected. Information on AR and comorbid medication use pre-SARS-CoV-2 infection was also collected. Binary logistic regression and analysis of covariance (different adjusted models) were conducted.
In all, 830 AR patients were included; 627 patients (75.54%) were infected with SARS-CoV-2. AR comorbid with allergic conjunctivitis (AC) was a protective factor [OR: 0.525 (95% CI = 0.296-0.929), = 0.027] against SARS-CoV-2 infection, while AR comorbid with food allergy was a risk factor [OR: 6.404 (95% CI = 1.349-30.402), = 0.0195]. Although fewer patients received four doses of the vaccine, the results showed a significant protective effect against SARS-CoV-2 infection in AR patients [OR: 0.093 (95% CI = 0.025-0.348), = 0.0004]. Underweight was a protective factor against COVID-19 [OR: 0.287 (95% CI = 0.147-0.562), = 0.0003] after full multivariable adjustment. Overweight was associated with a 2.071-fold higher risk for COVID-19 compared with normal weight [(95% CI = 1.045-4.105), = 0.0370]. Additionally, house dust mite (HDM)-specific allergies were also protective against COVID-19 [OR: 0.537 (95% CI = 0.290-0.996), = 0.0484].
This study revealed underlying protective and risk factors, which might be used to improve the management of AR and COVID-19.
多项流行病学研究表明，过敏性鼻炎（AR）患者更容易感染2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）。
我们旨在调查AR患者感染COVID-19的风险因素。
基于中国的一项问卷调查开展了一项全国性回顾性队列研究。获取了基线特征、居住地区、吸烟和饮酒状况、合并症、疫苗接种状况及既往感染信息。收集了过敏原检测结果、严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）核酸检测及抗原检测结果。还收集了SARS-CoV-2感染前AR及合并症用药信息。进行了二元逻辑回归和协方差分析（不同的校正模型）。
共纳入830例AR患者；627例患者（75.54%）感染了SARS-CoV-2。AR合并过敏性结膜炎（AC）是预防SARS-CoV-2感染的保护因素[比值比（OR）：0.525（95%置信区间[CI]=0.296-0.929），P=0.027]，而AR合并食物过敏是风险因素[OR：6.404（95%CI=1.349-30.402），P=0.0195]。虽然接受四剂疫苗的患者较少，但结果显示疫苗对AR患者的SARS-CoV-2感染有显著保护作用[OR：0.093（95%CI=0.025-0.348），P=0.0004]。在进行全面多变量校正后，体重过轻是预防COVID-19的保护因素[OR：0.287（95%CI=0.147-0.562），P=0.0003]。与正常体重相比，超重使COVID-19风险增加2.071倍[（95%CI=1.045-4.105），P=0.0370]。此外，屋尘螨（HDM）特异性过敏也对COVID-19有保护作用[OR：0.537（95%CI=0.290-0.996），P=0.0484]。
本研究揭示了潜在的保护因素和风险因素，这可能有助于改善AR和COVID-19的管理。
