Lin Sihan, Chen Mengdie, Chen Xuanqi, Li Yanmei, Liu Yafeng, Zhang Peinan, Hou Xiangyan, Tan Beiping, Niu Jin
State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Algae Health Science Co., Ltd., Kunming, China.
Front Immunol. 2024 Dec 10;15:1501753. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1501753. eCollection 2024.
This study examined the effects of on the growth performance, innate immunity, and gut microbiota of under different water temperature conditions. Feeding regimens included a 20% fishmeal diet (control), a low-fish meal (LFM) diet with 10% fishmeal and an LFM diet supplemented with 0.03% . These diets were administered to six groups of at normal (30°C) (NT) and low (20°C) (LT) temperatures (NT_C, NT_LFM, NT_LFM_HP, LT_C, LT_LFM, and LT_LFM_HP) over 8 weeks. The weight gain rate of in group NT_LFM_HP was significantly higher compared to group NT_LFM. Astaxanthin levels and body pigmentation intensity in were significantly increased in the NT_LFM_HP and LT_LFM_HP groups. Moreover, hepatopancreatic antioxidant capacities, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), were lower in normal-temperature groups compared to the low-temperature groups. Nevertheless, antioxidant capacity was significantly higher in both the NT_LFM_HP and LT_LFM_HP groups compared to the control group. Meanwhile, the expression levels of antioxidants were significantly higher at lower temperatures compared to higher temperatures, with the NT_LFM_HP and LT_LFM_HP groups exhibiting the highest expression levels. Additionally, the mRNA levels of genes associated with the Toll and IMD pathways indicated immunoregulatory effects in the organism. The expression levels of immune genes were significantly higher at lower temperatures, especially in the NT_LFM_HP and LT_LFM_HP groups compared to the control groups. Notably, significant differences in gut microbial composition were observed in the NT_LFM_HP group compared to other groups, with variations influenced by temperature and fishmeal content. Specifically, Vibrionaceae abundance was significantly lower in the LT_LFM_HP group compared to the control group. The results also revealed that the abundance of Actinomarinales was significantly higher in low-temperature groups, with the LT_LFM_HP group displaying the greatest increase. Overall, these findings suggest that may be susceptible to reduced fishmeal levels, potentially impacting growth and immune function. Furthermore, supplementation may assist in acclimating to prolonged low-temperature conditions.
本研究考察了[物质名称未给出]在不同水温条件下对[研究对象未明确给出]生长性能、先天免疫和肠道微生物群的影响。投喂方案包括20%鱼粉日粮（对照组）、含10%鱼粉的低鱼粉（LFM）日粮以及添加0.03%[物质名称未给出]的LFM日粮。将这些日粮投喂给六组[研究对象未明确给出]，分别在正常水温（30°C）（NT）和低温（20°C）（LT）条件下饲养8周（NT_C、NT_LFM、NT_LFM_HP、LT_C、LT_LFM和LT_LFM_HP）。与NT_LFM组相比，NT_LFM_HP组[研究对象未明确给出]的增重率显著更高。NT_LFM_HP组和LT_LFM_HP组[研究对象未明确给出]的虾青素水平和体色色素沉着强度显著增加。此外，与低温组相比，正常温度组的肝胰腺抗氧化能力，如超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性和总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）较低。然而，与对照组相比（此处原文表述有误，前面说低温组该能力低，这里应是与低温组比），NT_LFM_HP组和LT_LFM_HP组的抗氧化能力均显著更高。同时，与较高温度相比，较低温度下抗氧化剂的表达水平显著更高，NT_LFM_HP组和LT_LFM_HP组的表达水平最高。此外，与Toll和IMD途径相关基因的mRNA水平表明该物质在生物体内具有免疫调节作用。免疫基因的表达水平在较低温度下显著更高，尤其是NT_LFM_HP组和LT_LFM_HP组与对照组相比。值得注意的是，与其他组相比，NT_LFM_HP组的肠道微生物组成存在显著差异，其变化受温度和鱼粉含量影响。具体而言，与对照组相比，LT_LFM_HP组弧菌科丰度显著更低。结果还显示，放线菌目在低温组中的丰度显著更高，LT_LFM_HP组的增加幅度最大。总体而言，这些发现表明[研究对象未明确给出]可能对鱼粉水平降低敏感，这可能影响其生长和免疫功能。此外，添加[物质名称未给出]可能有助于[研究对象未明确给出]适应长期低温条件。
