Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Feed, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524025, P.R. China.
Bio-Form Biotechnology (Guangdong) Co., Ltd, Foshan, 528200, PR China.
BMC Vet Res. 2024 Nov 18;20(1):519. doi: 10.1186/s12917-024-04372-6.
The present study was designed to investigate the effects of supplementation with freeze-dried Clostridium butyricum (CB) powder on the growth, immune function and intestinal health of Litopenaeus vannamei after replacing fishmeal in the diet with cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC). Six treatment groups were designed, namely the control group (CON, 25% fish meal) and five alternative groups (CPC replacing 40% fishmeal protein in the control group). Based on the alternative group, 0%, 0.065%, 0.26%, 1.04%, and 4.16% of freeze-dried CB bacterial powder (4.6 × 10 CFU/g) were added, recorded as CB 0, CB 0.065, CB 0.26, CB 1.04, and CB 4.16, respectively. Each treatment had 3 replicates of 40 shrimps (0.29 ± 0.01 g) each and breeding for 8 weeks. After the experiment, serum enzyme activities, muscle amino acids, and intestinal parameters (short-chain fatty acids, digestive enzymes, gene expression, and microbiota) were tested to explore the effects of freeze-dried CB powder in shrimp aquaculture. The results showed that the CB1.04 group had the highest final body weight, weight gain rate, and specific growth ratio (P > 0.05). Freeze-dried CB powder increased the activity of serum superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, complement 3, and complement 4. Muscle tyrosine, proline, and total essential amino acids were remarkably increased in the CB 1.04 group (P < 0.05). Propionic acid levels were elevated in the CB 1.04 and CB4.16 groups (P < 0.001). The relative expression of Dorsal, Relish, and Target of Rapamycin (TOR) genes was significantly increased in the CB 1.04 group (P < 0.01). Actinobacteria and Demequina abundance was significantly higher in the CB 1.04 group (P < 0.01). The results of the Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge test showed the highest cumulative mortality rate (43.33%) in the CB0 group and the lowest cumulative mortality rate (20%) in the CB1.04 group. This study confirmed that freeze-dried CB powder alleviated the negative effects of CPC replacement of fish meal protein in Litopenaeus vannamei, and the optimum additive level was 2.11% (9.71 × 10 CFU/kg) as indicated by binary regression analysis of specific growth ratio.
本研究旨在探讨在饲料中用棉籽浓缩蛋白（CPC）替代鱼粉后，添加冷冻干燥丁酸梭菌（CB）粉末对凡纳滨对虾生长、免疫功能和肠道健康的影响。设计了 6 个处理组，即对照组（CON，25%鱼粉）和 5 个替代组（对照组中用 40%鱼粉蛋白替代 CPC）。基于替代组，分别添加 0%、0.065%、0.26%、1.04%和 4.16%的冷冻干燥 CB 细菌粉（4.6×10 CFU/g），分别记为 CB 0、CB 0.065、CB 0.26、CB 1.04 和 CB 4.16。每个处理组有 3 个重复，每个重复 40 只虾（0.29±0.01 g），养殖 8 周。实验结束后，检测血清酶活性、肌肉氨基酸和肠道参数（短链脂肪酸、消化酶、基因表达和微生物群），以探讨冷冻干燥 CB 粉末对虾养殖的影响。结果表明，CB 1.04 组的末体重、增重率和特定生长率最高（P>0.05）。冷冻干燥 CB 粉末提高了血清超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶、补体 3 和补体 4 的活性。肌肉酪氨酸、脯氨酸和总必需氨基酸在 CB 1.04 组显著增加（P<0.05）。丙酸水平在 CB 1.04 和 CB4.16 组升高（P<0.001）。CB 1.04 组 Dorsal、Relish 和雷帕霉素靶蛋白（TOR）基因的相对表达显著增加（P<0.01）。Actinobacteria 和 Demequina 的丰度在 CB 1.04 组显著增加（P<0.01）。副溶血弧菌攻毒试验结果显示，CB0 组累积死亡率最高（43.33%），CB1.04 组累积死亡率最低（20%）。本研究证实，冷冻干燥 CB 粉末缓解了 CPC 替代鱼粉蛋白对凡纳滨对虾的负面影响，最佳添加水平为 2.11%（9.71×10 CFU/kg），这是通过特定生长率的二元回归分析得出的。
