Bian Qing, Sun Bo, Li Da-Ming, Xie Zu-Bin, Wang Xiao-Yue
State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2025 Jan 8;46(1):543-550. doi: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202401045.
In this investigation, the influence of organic amendment on the structural and functional dynamics of soil microbial communities and its effect on rice productivity were examined. Five fertilization treatments from a 40-year field experiment were selected： no fertilizer （CK）, inorganic NPK fertilizer （NPK）, inorganic NPK combined with green manure （NG）, inorganic NPK combined with green manure and pig manure （NGM）, and inorganic NPK combined with green manure and rice straw （NGS）. The findings revealed that the organic amendment enhanced the soil organic carbon （SOC）, total nitrogen （TN）, and total phosphorus （TP） levels, alongside an increase in rice yield； notably, the most significant improvements were observed with the NGM treatment. High-throughput sequencing highlighted that within the bacterial community, Proteobacteria （22.57%） and Nitrospirota （18.56%） dominated in abundance. The organic amendment led to a substantial shift in microbial community composition, chiefly reflected by an increase in Proteobacteria alongside a decrease in Nitrospirota. Predictive functional analyses through PICRUSt2 revealed a rise in gene abundance linked to the decomposition of organic carbon, specifically genes encoding amylase （）, cellulase （, , and ）, and hemicellulose-decomposing enzymes （ and ）. Additionally, there was an observed increase in the abundance of genes facilitating organic nitrogen mineralization, such as those for urease （, , and ）, glutamate dehydrogenase （）, and glutamine synthetase （）. The random forest model determined that several soil property indicators, including TP, SOC, pH, TN, and dissolved organic nitrogen, along with the composition of the bacterial community and the abundance of functional genes involved in the decomposition of organic carbon and nitrogen, significantly influenced the rice yields. Furthermore, PLS-PM analysis elucidated that the organic amendment boosted soil SOC and TP levels, which, by modifying the bacterial community's composition, augmented the relative abundance of genes associated with the breakdown of organic carbon and nitrogen. This process facilitated nutrient cycling, culminating in elevated rice production.
在本研究中，考察了有机改良剂对土壤微生物群落结构和功能动态的影响及其对水稻生产力的作用。从一项长达40年的田间试验中选取了五种施肥处理：不施肥（CK）、无机氮磷钾化肥（NPK）、无机氮磷钾化肥与绿肥配施（NG）、无机氮磷钾化肥与绿肥和猪粪配施（NGM）以及无机氮磷钾化肥与绿肥和稻草配施（NGS）。研究结果表明，有机改良剂提高了土壤有机碳（SOC）、全氮（TN）和全磷（TP）水平，同时水稻产量增加；值得注意的是，NGM处理的改善最为显著。高通量测序结果表明，在细菌群落中，变形菌门（22.57%）和硝化螺旋菌门（18.56%）的丰度占主导地位。有机改良剂导致微生物群落组成发生显著变化，主要表现为变形菌门增加，硝化螺旋菌门减少。通过PICRUSt2进行的预测功能分析表明，与有机碳分解相关的基因丰度增加，特别是编码淀粉酶（）、纤维素酶（、、和）和半纤维素分解酶（和）的基因。此外，还观察到促进有机氮矿化的基因丰度增加，如脲酶（、、和）、谷氨酸脱氢酶（）和谷氨酰胺合成酶（）的基因。随机森林模型确定，包括TP、SOC、pH、TN和溶解有机氮在内的几个土壤性质指标，以及细菌群落组成和参与有机碳和氮分解的功能基因丰度，对水稻产量有显著影响。此外，偏最小二乘路径模型（PLS-PM）分析表明，有机改良剂提高了土壤SOC和TP水平，通过改变细菌群落组成，增加了与有机碳和氮分解相关基因的相对丰度。这一过程促进了养分循环，最终提高了水稻产量。
