Changes in Aqueous Angiopoietin-1/2 Concentrations During the Induction Phase of Intravitreal Faricimab Injections for Diabetic Macular Edema.

PURPOSE

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dynamic changes in aqueous concentrations of angiopoietin (Ang)-1/2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) during injection in treatment-naïve patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) receiving faricimab during the induction phase (3 consecutive monthly doses) and retrospectively analyze the data.

METHODS

Thirty-five eyes of 26 patients (age = 63.1 ± 12.9 years) with treatment-naïve DME received faricimab injections monthly, 3 consecutive times. Additionally, 59 eyes of 59 patients (age = 63.9 ± 8.8 years) who underwent cataract surgery were recruited as controls. Aqueous humor samples were collected from each injection or surgery and stored at -80°C, and the concentration of each cytokine was quantified using a multiple enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Luminex). The clinical parameters of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central foveal thickness (CFT) at each visit were also recorded.

RESULTS

Three induction phases of faricimab significantly suppressed each aqueous cytokine, rapidly for VEGF, gradually for Ang-2, and slightly for Ang-1. The Ang-1/2 ratio was lower (<1.0) at baseline and gradually increased, but did not reach a control ratio of 1.58. The baseline CFT correlated with VEGF, but not with the Ang-2, Ang-1, or Ang-1/2 ratios. After three injections, CFT did not correlate with VEGF, but it positively correlated with Ang-2 and negatively correlated with Ang-1, and it strongly negatively correlated with the Ang-1/2 ratio.

CONCLUSIONS

The Ang-1/2 ratio in the aqueous humor significantly negatively correlated with the degree of residual edema after faricimab treatment for DME.

TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE

The Ang-1/2 ratio in aqueous humor is thus a useful biomarker of the treatment response for DME.