Lahouty Masoud, Fadaee Manouchehr, Shanehbandi Dariush, Kazemi Tohid
Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Mol Biol Rep. 2024 Dec 26;52(1):83. doi: 10.1007/s11033-024-10157-9.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the third most common cancer worldwide and remains a major cause of cancer-related deaths, necessitating the development of innovative therapeutic approaches beyond conventional treatment modalities. Conventional therapies, such as radiation, chemotherapy, and surgery, are hindered by challenges like imprecise targeting, substantial toxicity, and the development of resistance. Exosome-driven nano-immunotherapy has emerged as a groundbreaking approach that leverages the natural properties of exosomes-cell-derived vesicles known for their role in intercellular communication-to deliver therapeutic agents with high precision and specificity. This approach utilizes the natural ability of exosomes to serve as natural nanocarriers for various biomolecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids, enabling precise drug delivery and immune modulation. Exosomes offer distinct advantages compared to traditional drug delivery systems, including their biocompatibility, capability to traverse biological barriers, and suitability for personalized medicine approaches. We evaluate the effectiveness of exosome-based therapies in comparison to traditional approaches, emphasizing their ability to achieve precise delivery, minimize systemic toxicity, and enhance treatment results. Despite their promise, several challenges remain, including the standardization of exosome isolation and production, optimization of cargo loading techniques, and ensuring safety and efficacy in clinical applications. By overcoming these obstacles and leveraging the distinctive characteristics of exosomes, exosome-driven nano-immunotherapy presents a promising avenue for more efficient therapeutic interventions.
结直肠癌（CRC）是全球第三大常见癌症，仍是癌症相关死亡的主要原因，因此需要开发超越传统治疗方式的创新治疗方法。传统疗法，如放疗、化疗和手术，面临着诸如靶向不精确、毒性大以及产生耐药性等挑战。外泌体驱动的纳米免疫疗法已成为一种开创性的方法，它利用外泌体（细胞衍生的囊泡，以其在细胞间通讯中的作用而闻名）的天然特性，高精度、特异性地递送治疗剂。这种方法利用外泌体作为各种生物分子（如蛋白质、核酸和脂质）天然纳米载体的天然能力，实现精确的药物递送和免疫调节。与传统药物递送系统相比，外泌体具有明显优势，包括生物相容性、穿越生物屏障的能力以及适用于个性化医疗方法。我们评估基于外泌体的疗法与传统方法相比的有效性，强调它们实现精确递送、最小化全身毒性和提高治疗效果的能力。尽管前景广阔，但仍存在一些挑战，包括外泌体分离和生产的标准化、货物装载技术的优化以及确保临床应用中的安全性和有效性。通过克服这些障碍并利用外泌体的独特特性，外泌体驱动的纳米免疫疗法为更有效的治疗干预提供了一条有前景的途径。
