Muthukutty Palaniyandi, Woo Hyun Young, Yoo So Young
Institute of Nanobio Convergence, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan 49241, Republic of Korea.
Vaccines (Basel). 2025 Jun 26;13(7):689. doi: 10.3390/vaccines13070689.
Therapeutic vaccines offer a targeted approach to enhancing anti-tumor immunity with minimal systemic toxicity. Despite advancements in surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and immunotherapy, colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major clinical challenge, particularly due to the limited efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors outside the MSI-H subgroup. In this comprehensive review summarizes the emerging vaccine modalities for CRC, including peptide, nucleic acid, cell-based, vector-driven, and nanotechnology platforms. We discuss the barriers posed by tumor immune evasion and heterogeneity, and highlight innovative strategies designed to improve vaccine efficacy. Finally, we explore recent clinical developments and translational opportunities that position therapeutic vaccines as a promising component of future CRC immunotherapy.
治疗性疫苗提供了一种靶向方法，可增强抗肿瘤免疫力，同时使全身毒性降至最低。尽管在手术、化疗、放疗和免疫治疗方面取得了进展，但结直肠癌（CRC）仍然是一项重大的临床挑战，特别是由于微卫星高度不稳定（MSI-H）亚组之外的免疫检查点抑制剂疗效有限。本综述总结了CRC新兴的疫苗模式，包括肽、核酸、基于细胞、载体驱动和纳米技术平台。我们讨论了肿瘤免疫逃逸和异质性带来的障碍，并强调了旨在提高疫苗疗效的创新策略。最后，我们探讨了近期的临床进展和转化机会，这些进展和机会使治疗性疫苗成为未来CRC免疫治疗的一个有前景的组成部分。
