Whitman S, McKnight J L
Int J Health Serv. 1985;15(1):35-46. doi: 10.2190/V63E-9Y2D-3F2P-JWAL.
Data from a recently completed study of head injuries reveal that many of these injuries, and deaths from these injuries, result from interpersonal violence and automobile accidents. Such injuries are normally difficult to prevent. In this study it was found that much of the interpersonal violence involves family members and many of the vehicle accidents, especially those that result in death, happen to pedestrians. Prevention thus becomes even more difficult. Based upon these data and observations, five categories of prevention strategies are generated and evaluated. It is determined that the four strategies usually within the domain of traditional prevention (inaction, education, legislation, and design alterations) are not likely to prevent many head injuries or injuries in general. A fifth category is thus recommended. This category requires meaningful involvement of people into work that impacts on the social and political reality of their lives. The prevailing ideology of prevention offered by the health professions is considered and is found to be in opposition to our fifth prevention category. The implications of this opposition are examined and the search for improved health is considered in this context.
一项最近完成的关于头部损伤的研究数据显示，这些损伤以及因这些损伤导致的死亡，许多是由人际暴力和汽车事故造成的。此类损伤通常难以预防。在这项研究中发现，许多人际暴力涉及家庭成员，而且许多车辆事故，尤其是那些导致死亡的事故，发生在行人身上。因此预防变得更加困难。基于这些数据和观察结果，产生并评估了五类预防策略。结果确定，通常属于传统预防范畴的四种策略（不作为、教育、立法和设计变更）不太可能预防许多头部损伤或总体上的损伤。因此推荐第五类策略。这一类策略要求人们切实参与到对其生活的社会和政治现实有影响的工作中。对健康专业人士提出的主流预防理念进行了考量，发现它与我们的第五类预防策略相悖。研究了这种相悖的影响，并在此背景下对寻求改善健康的问题进行了思考。
