Zhou Longfei, Wang Xiaolei, Zhang Xiao, Liu Lingling, Liang Jinglin, Zhao Xiaoli, Wu Fengchang
College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China.
Environ Pollut. 2025 Feb 15;367:125585. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.125585. Epub 2024 Dec 24.
In addition to traditional organophosphate esters (tOPEs), emerging organophosphate esters (eOPEs) have increasingly been detected in the environment, but their risks remain unclear. This study detected 12 tOPEs and 7 eOPEs in surface water, sediment, and suspended particulate matter (SPM) samples from important aquatic habitats and drinking water sources in Yibin (YB), Yichang (YC), Shanghai (SH), and Poyang Lake (PY) within the Yangtze River basin. The total concentration of OPEs (ΣOPEs) in surface water, sediment, and SPM from these four regions were 22.86-1398 ng/L, 2.39-75.96 ng/g dw, and 2.73-1588 ng/g dw, respectively. All eOPEs were detected in the collected samples, with tetrakis (2-chloroethyl)dichloroisopentyl diphosphate (V6), cresyl diphenyl phosphate (CDPP), resorcinol bis(diphenyl phosphate) (RDP), and bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate) (BDP) being the dominant compounds. Temperature, dissolved oxygen, and electrical conductivity were identified as important factors influencing the occurrence and distribution of OPEs in water. Source identification revealed that OPEs in PY mainly originated from wastewater treatment plant discharges and traffic-related emissions. It is noteworthy that although the average concentration of ΣtOPEs in water (213.02 ng/L) was over two orders of magnitude higher than that of ΣeOPEs (0.81 ng/L), eOPEs posed medium to high ecological risks to algae, crustacean, and fish, especially BDP and RDP. For instance, at locations where BDP was detected, it caused medium to high ecological risks to aquatic organisms across three trophic levels [risk quotient (RQ): 0.14-7.71]. The non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of OPEs to human health were negligible. This study provides a scientific basis for the precise identification and scientific management of the environmental risks of eOPEs.
除了传统有机磷酸酯（tOPEs）外，新型有机磷酸酯（eOPEs）在环境中的检出率也日益增加，但其风险仍不明确。本研究在长江流域宜宾（YB）、宜昌（YC）、上海（SH）和鄱阳湖（PY）等重要水生栖息地及饮用水源地的地表水、沉积物和悬浮颗粒物（SPM）样本中检测到12种tOPEs和7种eOPEs。这四个地区地表水、沉积物和SPM中有机磷酸酯（ΣOPEs）的总浓度分别为22.86 - 1398 ng/L、2.39 - 75.96 ng/g干重和2.73 - 1588 ng/g干重。在采集的样本中均检测到了所有的eOPEs，其中双（2-氯乙基）二氯异戊基磷酸酯（V6）、磷酸三甲苯酯（CDPP）、间苯二酚双（二苯基磷酸酯）（RDP）和双酚A双（二苯基磷酸酯）（BDP）为主要化合物。温度、溶解氧和电导率被确定为影响水中OPEs存在和分布的重要因素。源解析表明，鄱阳湖的OPEs主要来源于污水处理厂排放和交通相关排放。值得注意的是，尽管水中ΣtOPEs的平均浓度（213.02 ng/L）比ΣeOPEs（0.81 ng/L）高出两个数量级以上，但eOPEs对藻类、甲壳类动物和鱼类构成了中到高生态风险，尤其是BDP和RDP。例如，在检测到BDP的地点，它对三个营养级的水生生物造成了中到高生态风险[风险商数（RQ）：0.14 - 7.71]。OPEs对人类健康的非致癌和致癌风险可忽略不计。本研究为精准识别和科学管理eOPEs的环境风险提供了科学依据。
