Zhang Yuxin, Ruan Manjing, Jin Ruihe, Zhao Heng, Xia Chunjie, Liu Min, Liu Xing, Yang Yi, Wu Yan
Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science (Ministry of Education), School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
Ecological Environment Monitoring and Scientific Research Center, Taihu Basin & East China Sea Ecological Environment Supervision and Administration Bureau, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Shanghai 200125, China.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2025 Jul;216:117994. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.117994. Epub 2025 Apr 18.
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are high-production-volume flame retardants and plasticizers that have drawn mounting concern recently due to accumulating evidence of their environmental ubiquity, bioaccumulation and toxic potential. The East China Sea (ECS), adjacent to two most urbanized and industrialized provinces in China (i.e., Zhejiang and Fujian), has been subjected to substantial anthropogenic impacts. Nevertheless, multimedia fate and large-scale spatioseasonal variations of OPEs across the ECS have yet to be well-documented. Therefore, we investigated contamination status of both traditional and emerging OPEs in the ECS bulk water (considering both dissolved and suspended particulate matter phases) and sediments, where the total OPE concentrations ranged of 5.33-958 ng/L and 0.22-115 ng/g, respectively. Additionally to conventional OPEs, several under-studied congeners, including cresyl diphenyl phosphate, tris(3,5-dimethylphenyl) phosphate, and two oligomeric OPEs, namely tetrakis(2-chloroethyl)dichloroisopentyl diphosphate and bisphenol A bis(diphenyl phosphate), were also frequently detected. Elevated OPE residues were generally spotted in the Zhejiang and summer inshore samples, reflecting influences of social economies, climates, coastal hydrodynamics, as well as properties of OPEs and environmental compartments. The output from positive matrix factorization model demonstrated that OPE pollution across the ECS might be largely contributed by assorted manufacturing industries, domestic sewage discharges, wear of polyvinyl chloride products, transportation, and fishery activities. Moreover, risk quotients suggested non-negligible ecological threats posed by the majority of our analytes. However, several emerging OPEs have scarce or even no toxicological information, thus warranting future research on their adverse effects on marine ecosystems and the implementation of effective management strategies.
有机磷酸酯（OPEs）是大量生产的阻燃剂和增塑剂，由于越来越多的证据表明它们在环境中无处不在、具有生物累积性和潜在毒性，最近受到了越来越多的关注。东海毗邻中国两个城市化和工业化程度最高的省份（即浙江和福建），受到了大量人为影响。然而，OPEs在东海的多介质归宿和大规模时空季节变化尚未得到充分记录。因此，我们调查了东海表层水（考虑溶解相和悬浮颗粒物相）和沉积物中传统和新型OPEs的污染状况，其中OPEs的总浓度分别为5.33-958纳克/升和0.22-115纳克/克。除了传统的OPEs外，还经常检测到几种研究较少的同系物，包括磷酸甲苯二苯酯、磷酸三（3,5-二甲基苯基）酯以及两种低聚OPEs，即四（2-氯乙基）二氯异戊基二磷酸酯和双酚A双（二苯基磷酸酯）。在浙江和夏季近海样本中通常发现OPEs残留量升高，这反映了社会经济、气候、沿海水动力以及OPEs和环境介质性质的影响。正矩阵分解模型的结果表明，东海的OPE污染可能主要由各种制造业、生活污水排放、聚氯乙烯产品磨损、交通运输和渔业活动造成。此外，风险商数表明我们分析的大多数物质构成了不可忽视的生态威胁。然而，几种新型OPEs的毒理学信息很少甚至没有，因此有必要对它们对海洋生态系统的不利影响进行未来研究，并实施有效的管理策略。
