Gautam Laxmi, Thapa Milan, Pokhrel Poonam, Sapkota Parash Mani, Bhatt Anjali, Paudel Kiran
Department of Public Health, Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Department of Public Health, Manmohan Memorial Institute of Health Sciences, Kathmandu, Nepal
BMJ Open. 2024 Dec 26;14(12):e086755. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-086755.
This study was conducted to determine the status of and factors associated with behavioural determinants (knowledge, attitude and practice) of sugary foods and beverages among adolescents in Kathmandu, Nepal.
Cross-sectional study.
The study was done at educational institutions located in Nagarjun municipality, Kathmandu, Nepal.
In this study, 768 adolescents from grades 8, 9 and 10 were selected using a multistage random sampling technique.
Knowledge regarding sugary foods and beverages was assessed using 9 questions, attitude was measured through 13 Likert scale statements and consumption was assessed using 9 questions through a semi-structured questionnaire. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated based on anthropometric measurements. Pearson's χ test and logistic regression were used to assess factors associated with those behavioural determinants, along with their correlates with BMI. A p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Adequate level of knowledge was found among 84.11% (95% CI: 81.52% to 86.70%) of the adolescents. Awareness of the health risks and inclination to adopt healthier behaviours was seen among 60% of the adolescents (95% CI: 56.55% to 63.49%). The percentage of adolescents consuming sugary foods and beverage items was 84.50% (95% CI: 81.94% to 87.07%). The odds of having adequate knowledge among respondents was twice (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.05, 95% CI: 1.12 to 3.76) more likely for those who were living with their parents. Female adolescents (AOR=2.51, 95% CI: 1.61 to 3.89), whose mothers are homemakers (AOR=1.99, 95% CI: 1.04 to 3.58) and fathers are engaged in foreign employment (AOR=2.09, 95% CI: 1.04 to 4.21), were more likely to consume sugary items. Prevalence of overweight and obesity was seen among 6.38% (95% CI: 4.64% to 8.11%) of respondents. Consumption was seen to be significant to the model overweight/obesity versus normal (OR=11.95 (95% CI: 1.61 to 88.42)).
Adequate knowledge alone was insufficient for influencing food selection and choices. Family-indulged interventions can be useful as familial factors seem to be impacting behavioural characteristics. Sugary foods and beverages consumption was linked to being overweight/obese, highlighting the importance of dietary discipline in reducing this risk.
本研究旨在确定尼泊尔加德满都青少年对含糖食品和饮料的行为决定因素（知识、态度和实践）的现状及相关因素。
横断面研究。
该研究在尼泊尔加德满都纳加尔琼市的教育机构开展。
本研究采用多阶段随机抽样技术，从8、9和10年级中选取了768名青少年。
使用9个问题评估关于含糖食品和饮料的知识，通过13条李克特量表陈述测量态度，并通过半结构化问卷使用9个问题评估消费情况。根据人体测量数据计算体重指数（BMI）。采用Pearson卡方检验和逻辑回归评估与这些行为决定因素相关的因素，以及它们与BMI的相关性。p值<0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
84.11%（95%可信区间：81.52%至86.70%）的青少年具有足够的知识水平。60%的青少年（95%可信区间：56.55%至63.49%）意识到健康风险并倾向于采取更健康的行为。食用含糖食品和饮料的青少年比例为84.50%（95%可信区间：81.94%至87.07%）。与父母同住的受访者具备足够知识的几率是其他人的两倍（调整后比值比（AOR）=2.05，95%可信区间：1.12至3.76）。母亲为家庭主妇（AOR=1.99，95%可信区间：1.04至3.58）且父亲从事国外工作的女性青少年（AOR=2.09，95%可信区间：1.04至4.21）更有可能食用含糖食品。6.38%（95%可信区间：4.64%至8.11%）的受访者存在超重和肥胖问题。在超重/肥胖与正常体重的模型中，消费情况具有显著意义（比值比=11.95（95%可信区间：1.61至88.42））。
仅具备足够的知识不足以影响食物选择。由于家庭因素似乎会影响行为特征，因此家庭干预可能会有所帮助。含糖食品和饮料的消费与超重/肥胖有关，这凸显了饮食规律对于降低这种风险的重要性。
