Aldhirgham Tahrir M, Alfawaz Hanan A, Al-Daghri Nasser M
College of Food & Agriculture Sciences, Department of Food Science & Nutrition, King Saud University, P. O. Box 22452, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia.
Biochemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
BMC Public Health. 2025 Jan 6;25(1):50. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-21145-w.
Over 390 million children and adolescents are affected by overweight and obesity worldwide. Similarly, obesity rates are rising in these age groups in the Middle East and Gulf region including Saudi Arabia. Dietary habits are fundamental in childhood overweight and obesity management. Adolescents consume a higher energy intake from free sugars than any other age group, with beverages becoming a significant source of those sugars. Adolescent beverage consumption has been assessed in various populations. However, limited studies have assessed beverage consumption patterns and amounts among adolescents in the Middle East and the Gulf region. This study used beverage frequency questionnaires to assess adolescents' total beverage consumption(TBC) and sugar-sweetened beverages(SSBs) consumption patterns and amounts. Also, it estimated their contribution to the total energy and nutrient intake and explored the association between consumption and demographic factors, specific obesity parameters, and body composition components.
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 15-19years males and females in January and February 2023. Participants(n = 316) were recruited in Riyadh city using a multistage clustered stratified random sampling technique based on region and gender. Participants completed a modified version of the beverage frequency questionnaire. Additionally, anthropometric measurements and body composition were measured.
Participants had a similar TBC(median = 1702 ml/day), but males and females differed in their consumption frequency of various beverage types(7 out of 25). SSB consumption(median = 478 ml/day) accounted for 28% of TBC and 100% and 75% of sugar and carbohydrates from TBC, respectively. BMI/age groups showed similar beverage consumption frequencies in almost all types(24 out of 25). A significant association was found between SSB intake and grade in male participants. The correlation between TBC, SSB consumption, and obesity parameters/body composition components was overall weak(r ≤ 0.5).
Beverage consumption amounts may not have a potential risk independently among older adolescents. However, beverage consumption habits and quality may vary based on gender and other socio-demographic factors. Highlighting the need for dietary habits, diet quality assessment and improvement in adolescents, and targeted public health interventions. Further research may investigate beverage consumption among younger adolescents, include broader regional comparisons, and explore additional impact factors such as taxation and advertising.
全球超过3.9亿儿童和青少年受到超重和肥胖的影响。同样，在中东和海湾地区，包括沙特阿拉伯在内，这些年龄组的肥胖率也在上升。饮食习惯在儿童超重和肥胖管理中至关重要。青少年从游离糖中摄入的能量比其他任何年龄组都高，饮料成为这些糖的重要来源。已在不同人群中评估了青少年的饮料消费情况。然而，评估中东和海湾地区青少年饮料消费模式和数量的研究有限。本研究使用饮料频率问卷来评估青少年的总饮料消费量（TBC）以及含糖饮料（SSB）的消费模式和数量。此外，还估计了它们对总能量和营养摄入的贡献，并探讨了消费与人口统计学因素、特定肥胖参数和身体成分之间的关联。
于2023年1月和2月对15至19岁的男性和女性进行了一项横断面研究。在利雅得市采用基于地区和性别的多阶段整群分层随机抽样技术招募参与者（n = 316）。参与者完成了一份修改版的饮料频率问卷。此外，还进行了人体测量和身体成分测量。
参与者的总饮料消费量相似（中位数 = 1702毫升/天），但男性和女性在各类饮料的消费频率上存在差异（25种中有7种）。含糖饮料消费量（中位数 = 478毫升/天）占总饮料消费量的28%，分别占总饮料消费量中糖和碳水化合物的100%和75%。体重指数/年龄组在几乎所有类型的饮料消费频率上都相似（25种中有24种）。在男性参与者中，发现含糖饮料摄入量与年级之间存在显著关联。总饮料消费量、含糖饮料消费量与肥胖参数/身体成分之间的相关性总体较弱（r≤0.5）。
在年龄较大的青少年中，饮料消费量本身可能没有潜在风险。然而，饮料消费习惯和质量可能因性别和其他社会人口统计学因素而异。这突出表明需要对青少年的饮食习惯、饮食质量进行评估和改善，并采取有针对性的公共卫生干预措施。进一步的研究可以调查较年轻青少年的饮料消费情况，包括更广泛的地区比较，并探索税收和广告等其他影响因素。
