Rasool Hafiz Muhammad Hamza, Chen Qiwei, Gong Xiaowei, Zhou Jizhang
State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, College of Veterinary Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
FASEB J. 2024 Dec 13;38(24):e70252. doi: 10.1096/fj.202401569R.
Infectious diseases are a serious threat to the existence of animals and humans' life. In the 21st century, the emergence and re-emergence of several zoonotic and non-zoonotic global pandemic diseases of socio-economic importance has affected billions of humans and animals. The need for expensive equipment and laboratories, non-availability of on-site testing abilities, with time-consuming and low sensitivity and specificity issues of currently available diagnostic techniques to identify these pathogenic micro-organisms on a large scale highlighted the need for developing cheap, portable environment friendly diagnostic methods. In recent years, these issues have been addressed by clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based diagnostic platforms that have transformed the molecular diagnostic field due to their outstanding ultra-sensitive nucleic acid detecting capabilities. In this study, we highlight the types, potential of different Cas proteins, and amplification systems. We also illuminate the application of currently available CRISPR integrated setups on the diagnosis of infectious diseases, majorly in food-producing animals (pigs, ruminants, poultry, and aquaculture), domestic pets (dogs and cats), and diseases of zoonotic importance. We conclude the challenges and future perspectives of using these systems to rapidly diagnose and treat other infectious diseases and also develop control strategies to prevent the spread of pathogenic organisms.
传染病对动物的生存和人类的生命构成严重威胁。在21世纪，几种具有社会经济重要性的人畜共患和非人畜共患全球大流行疾病的出现和再次出现，已经影响了数十亿人和动物。由于需要昂贵的设备和实验室，缺乏现场检测能力，以及目前可用的诊断技术存在耗时、灵敏度和特异性低等问题，难以大规模识别这些致病微生物，这凸显了开发廉价、便携式且环境友好的诊断方法的必要性。近年来，基于成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列（CRISPR）的诊断平台解决了这些问题，这些平台因其出色的超灵敏核酸检测能力而改变了分子诊断领域。在本研究中，我们重点介绍了不同类型的Cas蛋白、其潜力以及扩增系统。我们还阐述了目前可用的CRISPR集成装置在传染病诊断中的应用，主要应用于食用动物（猪、反刍动物、家禽和水产养殖）、家养宠物（狗和猫）以及具有人畜共患重要性的疾病。我们总结了使用这些系统快速诊断和治疗其他传染病以及制定控制策略以防止致病生物传播所面临的挑战和未来前景。
