Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Critical Care Medicine Department, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
J Clin Microbiol. 2019 Mar 28;57(4). doi: 10.1128/JCM.01307-18. Print 2019 Apr.
Infectious diseases remain a global threat contributing to excess morbidity and death annually, with the persistent potential for destabilizing pandemics. Improved understanding of the pathogenesis of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, along with rapid diagnosis and treatment of human infections, is essential for improving infectious disease outcomes worldwide. Genomic loci in bacteria and archaea, termed clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins, function as an adaptive immune system for prokaryotes, protecting them against foreign invaders. CRISPR-Cas9 technology is now routinely applied for efficient gene editing, contributing to advances in biomedical science. In the past decade, improved understanding of other diverse CRISPR-Cas systems has expanded CRISPR applications, including in the field of infectious diseases. In this review, we summarize the biology of CRISPR-Cas systems and discuss existing and emerging applications to evaluate mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions, to develop accurate and portable diagnostic tests, and to advance the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases.
传染病仍然是全球威胁，每年导致过多的发病率和死亡率，并持续存在不稳定的大流行的潜在风险。更好地了解细菌、病毒、真菌和寄生虫的发病机制，以及快速诊断和治疗人类感染，对于改善全球传染病的结果至关重要。细菌和古菌中的基因组基因座，称为成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列 (CRISPR) 和 CRISPR 相关 (Cas) 蛋白，作为原核生物的适应性免疫系统发挥作用，保护它们免受外来入侵。CRISPR-Cas9 技术现在已被常规用于高效基因编辑，推动了生物医学科学的进步。在过去十年中，对其他不同的 CRISPR-Cas 系统的深入了解扩展了 CRISPR 的应用，包括在传染病领域。在这篇综述中，我们总结了 CRISPR-Cas 系统的生物学特性，并讨论了现有的和新兴的应用，以评估宿主-病原体相互作用的机制，开发准确和便携的诊断测试，并推进传染病的预防和治疗。
