Cardile Davide, Lo Buono Viviana, Corallo Francesco, Cammaroto Simona, Formica Caterina, Quartarone Angelo, Calabrò Rocco Salvatore
IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino-Pulejo, Messina, Italy.
Front Neurol. 2024 Dec 12;15:1467181. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1467181. eCollection 2024.
Body awareness (BA) is the process of gaining sensory awareness based on the physiological states and actions of the body. It is influenced by an individual's attitudes, perceptions, beliefs, and experiences within the social and cultural contexts. Following a stroke, impairments in BA are thought to be widespread and could have a significant impact on recovery results. Regaining body awareness, however, is often neglected in the neurorehabilitation field. This study aimed to assess body image perception in two stroke patients and the potential effect of motor and cognitive rehabilitative treatments on possible improvement of BA.
Patients were evaluated through a multidimensional neuropsychological assessment before and after a 3-month motor and cognitive rehabilitative training. Sessions were scheduled 6 times per week with a total duration of 3 h per session.
After the neurorehabilitative treatment, both patients showed an improvement in BA, cognition, mood, and motor skills. Differences emerged related to the progression and improvement of their respective performances.
The causes of these differences could include the following: different brain areas affected, the ischemic or hemorrhagic nature of the stroke, age, and sex. Further research is needed to better understand the differences and similarities in the correlations between deficit and lesional sites. Structured and early multidisciplinary intervention can certainly guarantee a better functional recovery for patients after a stroke. However, in this study we show how complementary assessment methods (such as human figure drawing) may be highly informative in choosing treatment modalities and verifying rehabilitation outcomes.
身体意识（BA）是基于身体的生理状态和动作获得感官意识的过程。它受到个体在社会和文化背景中的态度、认知、信念及经历的影响。中风后，身体意识障碍被认为普遍存在，且可能对康复结果产生重大影响。然而，在神经康复领域，恢复身体意识常常被忽视。本研究旨在评估两名中风患者的身体形象认知，以及运动和认知康复治疗对身体意识可能改善的潜在影响。
在为期3个月的运动和认知康复训练前后，通过多维度神经心理学评估对患者进行评估。训练课程每周安排6次，每次总时长为3小时。
经过神经康复治疗后，两名患者在身体意识、认知、情绪和运动技能方面均有改善。在各自表现的进展和改善方面出现了差异。
这些差异的原因可能包括以下几点：受影响的脑区不同、中风的缺血性或出血性性质、年龄和性别。需要进一步研究以更好地理解缺陷与损伤部位之间相关性的差异和相似性。结构化的早期多学科干预肯定能保证中风患者获得更好的功能恢复。然而，在本研究中，我们展示了补充评估方法（如人体绘图）在选择治疗方式和验证康复结果方面可能具有很高的信息量。
