Kliem Sören, Sachser Cedric, Lohmann Anna, Baier Dirk, Brähler Elmar, Gündel Harald, Fegert Jörg M
Department of Social Welfare, Ernst-Abbe-Hochschule Jena - University of Applied Sciences, Jena, Germany.
Department for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Clinic for Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
Front Psychiatry. 2024 Dec 12;15:1483782. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1483782. eCollection 2024.
The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) is a popular tool for assessing depressive symptoms in both general and clinical populations. The present study used a large representative sample of the German adult population to confirm desired psychometric functioning and to provide updated population norms.
The following psychometric properties were assessed: (i) Item characteristics (item means, standard deviations and inter-item correlations), (ii) Construct validity (correlations of the PHQ-9 sum-score with scores obtained from instruments assessing depression, anxiety and somatization (GAD-7, BSI-18), (iii) Internal consistency (coefficient omega), (iv) Factorial validity (via confirmatory factor analysis of the assumed one factorial model) as well as (v) Measurement invariance (via multi-group confirmatory factor analyses across gender, age, income and education).
The study found that the PHQ-9 had sound psychometric properties in terms of internal consistency and construct validity, and that measurements obtained with the tool could be compared across gender and age.
Despite using a representative sample, the response rate was only 42.6%. Furthermore, diagnostic efficiency cannot be assessed as there were no clinical interviews conducted. Conclusion: The updated population based norms, which are presented for the total sample as well as separated by gender and various age-groups, provide a useful reference for clinical practice and epidemiological research.
患者健康问卷（PHQ-9）是一种用于评估普通人群和临床人群抑郁症状的常用工具。本研究使用了德国成年人群的大型代表性样本，以确认其理想的心理测量功能并提供最新的人群常模。
评估了以下心理测量特性：（i）项目特征（项目均值、标准差和项目间相关性），（ii）结构效度（PHQ-9总分与评估抑郁、焦虑和躯体化的工具（GAD-7、BSI-18）所获分数的相关性），（iii）内部一致性（ω系数），（iv）因子效度（通过对假定的单因素模型进行验证性因子分析）以及（v）测量不变性（通过跨性别、年龄、收入和教育程度的多组验证性因子分析）。
研究发现，PHQ-9在内部一致性和结构效度方面具有良好的心理测量特性，并且使用该工具获得的测量结果可以在性别和年龄之间进行比较。
尽管使用了代表性样本，但回复率仅为42.6%。此外，由于未进行临床访谈，无法评估诊断效率。结论：为总样本以及按性别和不同年龄组划分呈现的更新后的基于人群的常模，为临床实践和流行病学研究提供了有用的参考。
