Muvunyi Claude Mambo, Ngabonziza Jean Claude Semuto, Bigirimana Noella, Ndembi Nicaise, Siddig Emmanuel Edwar, Kaseya Jean, Ahmed Ayman
Rwanda Biomedical Center (RBC), Kigali 7162, Rwanda.
Department of Clinical Biology, University of Rwanda, Kigali 3900, Rwanda.
Diseases. 2024 Dec 2;12(12):309. doi: 10.3390/diseases12120309.
Marburg virus disease (MVD) is on the WHO list for pandemic-prone pathogens. The current outbreak in Rwanda provides an opportunity to map outbreaks and generate information to inform policymaking, resource mobilization, and guide the implementation of cost-effective response strategies.
We synthesized available information about MVD to build holistic, up-to-date evidence to inform policymakers, public health leaders, and healthcare and public health services providers in their development and implementation of cost-effective preparedness, prevention, and control measures.
We have identified 20 outbreaks of MVD that occurred in 14 countries between 1967 and 2024; these outbreaks led to 580 confirmed cases and 423 deaths in total. We summarize the available information about the main clinical signs, diagnostic tools, primary reservoir, transmission dynamics, and case management protocol. We also document the best practices in the prevention and control of MVD outbreaks, including the implementation of a multisectoral One Health strategy for preparedness, prevention, and response to MVD outbreaks that incorporates the strict implementation of WASH and infection prevention measures, contact tracing, and the isolation of infected and suspected humans and animals, and enhances the implementation of the International Health Regulations, particularly efficient cross-country coordination.
In the absence of a licensed treatment or vaccine for MVD, the response strategy to MVD should focus on preventive measures, including community engagement to promote the reduction in contact between humans and reservoirs, the supportive care and isolation of patients, and proper waste management. High risk populations such as frontline responders, including healthcare providers and community health workers, should be prioritized so that they can access all currently available protection measures.
马尔堡病毒病（MVD）被列入世界卫生组织的大流行易发病原体名单。卢旺达目前的疫情为绘制疫情地图和生成信息提供了契机，以便为政策制定、资源调动提供依据，并指导具有成本效益的应对策略的实施。
我们综合了有关马尔堡病毒病的现有信息，以建立全面、最新的证据，为政策制定者、公共卫生领导人以及医疗保健和公共卫生服务提供者在制定和实施具有成本效益的防范、预防和控制措施方面提供参考。
我们确定了1967年至2024年间在14个国家发生的20起马尔堡病毒病疫情；这些疫情共导致580例确诊病例和423人死亡。我们总结了有关主要临床症状、诊断工具、主要宿主、传播动态和病例管理方案的现有信息。我们还记录了马尔堡病毒病疫情防控的最佳做法，包括实施多部门“同一健康”战略以防范、预防和应对马尔堡病毒病疫情，该战略包括严格实施水、环境卫生和个人卫生以及感染预防措施、接触者追踪，以及隔离感染和疑似人类及动物，并加强《国际卫生条例》的实施，特别是高效的跨国协调。
在没有马尔堡病毒病许可治疗方法或疫苗的情况下，马尔堡病毒病的应对策略应侧重于预防措施，包括社区参与以促进减少人类与宿主之间的接触、对患者的支持性护理和隔离，以及妥善的废物管理。应优先考虑一线应对人员等高风险人群，包括医疗保健提供者和社区卫生工作者，以便他们能够获得所有现有的保护措施。
