Assalve Graziana, Lunetti Paola, Di Cagno Alessandra, De Luca Ernesto William, Aldegheri Stefano, Zara Vincenzo, Ferramosca Alessandra
Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
Department of Human Sciences, Guglielmo Marconi University, 00193 Rome, Italy.
Biosensors (Basel). 2024 Nov 26;14(12):574. doi: 10.3390/bios14120574.
Wearable technology has advanced significantly, offering real-time monitoring of athletes' physiological parameters and optimizing training and recovery strategies. Recent developments focus on biosensor devices capable of monitoring biochemical parameters in addition to physiological ones. These devices employ noninvasive methods such as sweat analysis, which reveals critical biomarkers like glucose, lactate, electrolytes, pH, and cortisol. These biomarkers provide valuable insights into an athlete's energy use, hydration status, muscle function, and stress levels. Current technologies utilize both electrochemical and colorimetric methods for sweat analysis, with electrochemical methods providing higher precision despite potential signal interference. Wearable devices such as epidermal patches, temporary tattoos, and fabric-based sensors are preferred for their flexibility and unobtrusive nature compared to more rigid conventional wearables. Such devices leverage advanced materials and transmit real-time data to computers, tablets, or smartphones. These data would aid coaches and sports medical personnel in monitoring athletes' health, optimizing diets, and developing training plans to enhance performance and reduce injuries.
可穿戴技术取得了显著进展，能够实时监测运动员的生理参数，并优化训练和恢复策略。最近的发展集中在除了生理参数外还能够监测生化参数的生物传感器设备上。这些设备采用非侵入性方法，如汗液分析，汗液分析能够揭示葡萄糖、乳酸、电解质、pH值和皮质醇等关键生物标志物。这些生物标志物为了解运动员的能量使用、水合状态、肌肉功能和压力水平提供了有价值的见解。目前的技术利用电化学和比色法进行汗液分析，尽管可能存在信号干扰，但电化学方法具有更高的精度。与更 rigid 的传统可穿戴设备相比，诸如表皮贴片、临时纹身和基于织物的传感器等可穿戴设备因其灵活性和不引人注目的特性而更受青睐。此类设备利用先进材料，并将实时数据传输到计算机、平板电脑或智能手机。这些数据将有助于教练和运动医学人员监测运动员的健康状况、优化饮食，并制定训练计划以提高成绩和减少受伤。 （注：原文中rigid未翻译，因为没有上下文信息明确其准确含义，推测可能是“僵硬的”之类意思，若有准确信息可进一步完善。）
