Vervloet Grégory, Fregosi Lou, Gauthier Arthur, Grenot Pierre, Balestra Costantino
Environmental, Occupational, Aging (Integrative) Physiology Laboratory, Haute Ecole Bruxelles-Brabant (HE2B), 1160 Brussels, Belgium.
Anatomical Research and Clinical Studies, Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), 1090 Brussels, Belgium.
J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2024 Dec 5;9(4):258. doi: 10.3390/jfmk9040258.
This study investigates the effects of a five-week training program on the medial gastrocnemius muscle, comparing two approaches: blood flow restriction (BFR) training and normobaric hyperoxia (oxygen supplementation). It evaluates three strengthening modalities (dynamic, isometric, and the 3/7 method) analyzing their impact on maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), muscle architecture, and perceived exertion. A total of 36 young healthy participants (21 females, 15 males) were randomized into six subgroups (n = 6 each) based on the type of contraction and oxygen condition. Training sessions (three per week) were conducted for five weeks at 30% of MVC. Measurements of MVC, muscle circumference, pennation angle, fascicle length, and perceived exertion were taken at baseline (T0), mid-protocol (T1), and post-protocol (T2). All groups demonstrated significant increases in MVC after five weeks, with no notable differences between BFR and oxygen conditions. Structural changes were observed in specific subgroups: the BFR-isometric group showed increased calf circumference ( < 0.05), and the 3/7 groups exhibited significant fascicle length gains ( < 0.05). Perceived exertion was consistently higher in BFR groups compared to oxygen supplementation, particularly in dynamic exercises. Both BFR and oxygen supplementation are effective in enhancing strength with light loads, though they elicit different structural and perceptual responses. Oxygen supplementation may be more comfortable and less strenuous, offering a viable alternative for populations unable to tolerate BFR. Future research should focus on optimizing training parameters and exploring applications tailored to specific athletic or clinical contexts.
本研究调查了为期五周的训练计划对腓肠肌内侧的影响，比较了两种方法：血流限制（BFR）训练和常压高氧（吸氧）。它评估了三种强化方式（动态、等长和3/7方法），分析了它们对最大自主收缩（MVC）、肌肉结构和主观用力感觉的影响。共有36名年轻健康参与者（21名女性，15名男性）根据收缩类型和吸氧情况随机分为六个亚组（每组n = 6）。训练课程（每周三次）以MVC的30%进行，持续五周。在基线（T0）、协议中期（T1）和协议后期（T2）测量MVC、肌肉周长、羽状角、肌束长度和主观用力感觉。五周后，所有组的MVC均显著增加，BFR组和吸氧组之间无显著差异。在特定亚组中观察到结构变化：BFR等长组的小腿周长增加（<0.05），3/7组的肌束长度显著增加（<0.05）。与吸氧组相比，BFR组的主观用力感觉始终更高，尤其是在动态运动中。BFR训练和吸氧在轻负荷下增强力量方面均有效，尽管它们会引发不同的结构和感知反应。吸氧可能更舒适、强度更小，为无法耐受BFR的人群提供了一种可行的替代方案。未来的研究应侧重于优化训练参数，并探索针对特定运动或临床环境的应用。
