Bouguezzi Raja, Sammoud Senda, Negra Yassine, Hachana Younés, Chaabene Helmi
Research Laboratory (LR23JS01) "Sport Performance, Health & Society", Manouba 2010, Tunisia.
Institut Supérieur de Sport et de l'Éducation Physique du Kef, Université de Jendouba, Le Kef 7100, Tunisia.
J Funct Morphol Kinesiol. 2024 Dec 10;9(4):265. doi: 10.3390/jfmk9040265.
In karate, the ability to execute high-velocity movements, particularly kicks and punches, is heavily dependent on the strength and power of the lower limb muscles, especially the knee extensors. As such, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of an 8-week eccentric training program utilizing the reverse Nordic exercise (RNE) integrated into karate training compared with regular karate training only on measures of physical fitness in youth karate athletes. Twenty-seven youth karatekas were recruited and allocated to either RNE group (n = 13; age = 15.35 ± 1.66 years; 7 males and 6 females) or an active control group ([CG]; n = 14; 7 males and 7 females; age = 15.30 ± 1.06 years). To track the changes in measures of physical fitness before and after training, tests to assess linear sprint speed (i.e., 10 m), change of direction (CoD) speed (i.e., modified 505 CoD), vertical jumping (i.e., countermovement jump [CMJ] height) and horizontal jumping distance (i.e., standing long jump [SLJ]), and lower-limb asymmetry score (i.e., the difference between SLJ-dominant and non-dominant legs) were carried out. The results indicated significant group-by-time interactions in all measures of physical fitness (effect size [ES] = 1.03 to 2.89). Post-hoc analyses revealed significant changes in the RNE group across all performance measures (effect size [ES] = 0.33 to 1.63). Additionally, the asymmetry score exhibited a moderate decrease from pre to posttest (∆46.96%, ES = 0.64). In contrast, no significant changes were observed in the CG across all fitness measures. Moreover, the individual response analysis indicated that more karatekas from the RNE group consistently achieved improvements beyond the smallest worthwhile change threshold across all fitness measures. In summary, RNE training is an effective approach to enhance various physical fitness measures besides lower-limb asymmetry scores in youth karatekas and is easy to incorporate into regular karate training. Practitioners are therefore encouraged to consistently integrate RNE training to enhance essential physical fitness components in young karatekas.
在空手道运动中，执行高速动作的能力，尤其是踢腿和出拳，在很大程度上取决于下肢肌肉的力量，特别是膝关节伸肌的力量。因此，本研究旨在评估将反向北欧式锻炼（RNE）纳入空手道训练的8周离心训练计划与仅进行常规空手道训练相比，对青少年空手道运动员身体素质指标的影响。招募了27名青少年空手道练习者，并将他们分配到RNE组（n = 13；年龄 = 15.35 ± 1.66岁；7名男性和6名女性）或活动对照组（[CG]；n = 14；7名男性和7名女性；年龄 = 15.30 ± 1.06岁）。为了跟踪训练前后身体素质指标的变化，进行了评估直线冲刺速度（即10米）、变向（CoD）速度（即改良的505 CoD）、垂直跳跃（即反向纵跳[CMJ]高度）和水平跳跃距离（即立定跳远[SLJ]）以及下肢不对称得分（即SLJ优势腿和非优势腿之间的差异）的测试。结果表明，在所有身体素质指标上均存在显著的组间时间交互作用（效应量[ES] = 1.03至2.89）。事后分析显示，RNE组在所有性能指标上均有显著变化（效应量[ES] = 0.33至1.63）。此外，不对称得分从测试前到测试后呈现出适度下降（∆46.96%，ES = 0.64）。相比之下，CG组在所有身体素质指标上均未观察到显著变化。此外，个体反应分析表明，RNE组中更多的空手道练习者在所有身体素质指标上始终实现了超过最小有价值变化阈值的改善。总之，RNE训练是一种有效的方法，除了可以改善青少年空手道练习者的下肢不对称得分外，还能提高各种身体素质指标，并且易于纳入常规空手道训练中。因此，鼓励从业者持续整合RNE训练，以增强青少年空手道练习者的基本身体素质成分。
