Kyomuhimbo Hilda Dinah, Feleni Usisipho, Haneklaus Nils Hendrik, Brink Hendrik Gideon
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa.
Institute for Nanotechnology and Water Sustainability (iNanoWS), College of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of South Africa, Johannesburg 1709, South Africa.
J Xenobiot. 2024 Dec 16;14(4):1988-2002. doi: 10.3390/jox14040106.
The direct discharge of cationic surfactants into environmental matrices has exponentially increased due to their wide application in many products. These compounds and their degraded products disrupt microbial dynamics, hinder plant survival, and affect human health. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop electroanalytical assessment techniques for their identification, determination, and monitoring. In our study, ZnO-PANI nanocomposites were electrodeposited on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE), followed by the immobilization of laccase enzymes and the electrodeposition of polypyrrole (PPy), to form a biosensor that was used for the detection of CTAB. A UV-Vis analysis showed bands corresponding to the π-π* transition of benzenoid and quinoid rings, π-polaron band transition and n-π*polaronic transitions associated with the extended coil chain conformation of PANI, and the presence and interaction of ZnO with PANI and type 3 copper in the laccase enzymes. The FTIR analysis exhibited peaks corresponding to N-H and C-N stretches and bends for amine, C=C stretches for conjugated alkenes, and a C-H bend for aromatic compounds. A high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) analysis proved that PANI and ZnO-PANI were deposited as fibres with hairy topography resulting from covalent bonding with the laccase enzymes. The modified electrode (PPy-6/GCE) was used as a platform for the detection of CTAB with three linear ranges of 0.5-100 µM, 200-500 µM, and 700-1900 µM. The sensor displayed a high sensitivity of 0.935 μA μM cm, a detection limit of 0.0116 µM, and acceptable recoveries of 95.02% and 87.84% for tap water and wastewater, respectively.
由于阳离子表面活性剂在许多产品中的广泛应用，其直接排放到环境基质中的情况呈指数级增长。这些化合物及其降解产物会破坏微生物动态、阻碍植物生存并影响人类健康。因此，迫切需要开发用于其识别、测定和监测的电分析评估技术。在我们的研究中，将ZnO-PANI纳米复合材料电沉积在玻碳电极（GCE）上，随后固定漆酶并电沉积聚吡咯（PPy），以形成用于检测CTAB的生物传感器。紫外可见分析显示了与苯环和醌环的π-π跃迁、与PANI的扩展线圈链构象相关的π-极化子带跃迁和n-π极化子跃迁，以及ZnO与PANI和漆酶中3型铜的存在和相互作用相对应的谱带。傅里叶变换红外光谱分析显示了对应于胺的N-H和C-N伸缩及弯曲、共轭烯烃的C=C伸缩以及芳香族化合物的C-H弯曲的峰。高分辨率扫描电子显微镜（HRSEM）分析证明，PANI和ZnO-PANI以纤维形式沉积，具有与漆酶共价键合产生的多毛形貌。修饰电极（PPy-6/GCE）用作检测CTAB的平台，线性范围为0.5-100μM、200-500μM和700-1900μM。该传感器显示出0.935μA μM cm的高灵敏度、0.0116μM的检测限，自来水和废水的回收率分别为95.02%和87.84%，可接受。
