Wilbert Fabrício, Corte Joana Farias, do Nascimento Felipe Tiago, Jahno Vanusca Dalosto, Rodrigues Marco Antônio Siqueira, Celso Fabrício, da Silva Salatiel W, Bernardes Andrea Moura
Laboratório Aquário, Novo Hamburgo, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo 93525-075, Brazil.
Development Technology Center, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96160-000, Brazil.
Membranes (Basel). 2024 Dec 11;14(12):268. doi: 10.3390/membranes14120268.
Electrodialysis (ED) has already been applied to recover nickel in galvanizing processes, allowing nickel recovery and the production of a treated effluent with demineralized water quality. However, the growth in ED use is still limited by the production and commercialization of ion-selective membranes, currently limited to a few large companies. Therefore, this paper presents the development of homogeneous cationic and anionic membranes made from poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) for ED use. Cationic membranes were prepared by the sulfonation reaction of PPO under different experimental conditions (PPO:HSO molar ratio and reaction time). Anionic membranes were prepared by the bromination reaction of PPO, followed by the amination reaction. The membranes were characterized for their chemical and electrochemical properties, including ion exchange capacity, conductivity, thermal stability, and surface morphology. The optimal conditions for cationic membrane sulfonation were achieved with a 1:4.4 PPO:HSO molar ratio, and a reaction time of 0.5 h. For anionic membranes, the best results were obtained with bromination, with a PPO:NBS (N-Bromosuccinimide) molar ratio of 1:0.5, followed by 14 days of amination. Overall, 91.8% chloride, 90.9% sulfate, and 85.5% nickel ion extraction was achieved, highlighting PPO as a promising polymer for the development of anionic and cationic ion-selective membranes for ED.
电渗析（ED）已被应用于镀锌工艺中镍的回收，可实现镍的回收以及生产具有脱盐水水质的处理后废水。然而，电渗析应用的增长仍受到离子选择性膜生产和商业化的限制，目前仅限于少数几家大公司。因此，本文介绍了由聚（2,6-二甲基-1,4-苯醚）（PPO）制成的用于电渗析的均质阳离子和阴离子膜的开发。阳离子膜通过在不同实验条件下（PPO:HSO摩尔比和反应时间）对PPO进行磺化反应制备。阴离子膜通过PPO的溴化反应，然后进行胺化反应制备。对膜的化学和电化学性质进行了表征，包括离子交换容量、电导率、热稳定性和表面形态。阳离子膜磺化的最佳条件是PPO:HSO摩尔比为1:4.4，反应时间为0.5小时。对于阴离子膜，溴化反应效果最佳，PPO:N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺（NBS）摩尔比为1:0.5，随后进行14天的胺化反应。总体而言，实现了91.8%的氯离子、90.9%的硫酸根离子和85.5%的镍离子提取，突出了PPO作为一种有前途的聚合物，可用于开发用于电渗析的阴离子和阳离子离子选择性膜。
