Kyriakidou Glykeria, Tsalis George, Evaggelinou Christina
School of Physical Education and Sport Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Sports (Basel). 2024 Dec 2;12(12):330. doi: 10.3390/sports12120330.
This study aimed to ascertain whether there were any differences in anthropometrics, heart rate, and swimming performance parameters in athletes with intellectual disabilities (ID) before and after a three-month training break. A total of 21 athletes participated in the study, comprising 16 males and 5 females, with a mean age of 28.3 ± 8.7 years. All participants had ID, and six of them had Down syndrome. The study participants were classified as S14 athletes from a local swimming club. All participants had a minimum of four years of swimming experience and attended two to three one-hour sessions per week for eight consecutive months. All athletes completed two trials of 25 m freestyle swimming, one at the end of a training session and the other at the beginning of a new session. The measurements included weight, body mass index (BMI), handgrip strength (HGS), heart rate (pre- and post-trial), performance (T25), stroke count (SC), stroke length (SL), stroke rate, and the SWOLF efficiency index. The results demonstrated statistically significant elevations in weight (80.2 ± 16.1 to 81.7 ± 15.9), BMI (26.8 ± 5.5 to 27.2 ± 5.5), T25 (33.1 ± 17.1 to 35.6 ± 18), SC (19.3 ± 6.1 to 20.7 ± 7.2), and SWOLF (52.4 ± 22.0 to 56.3 ± 25.2) and a reduction in SL (1.39 ± 0.48 to 1.27 ± 0.42). However, no significant differences were observed in the remaining parameters. Significant correlations were found for body weight, BMI, HGS, and SWOLF with T25 throughout the study. It was concluded that individuals with ID experienced a decline in 25 m swimming performance due to technical rather than physiological factors after three months of detraining.
本研究旨在确定智障（ID）运动员在为期三个月的训练中断前后，其人体测量学指标、心率和游泳成绩参数是否存在差异。共有21名运动员参与了该研究，其中包括16名男性和5名女性，平均年龄为28.3±8.7岁。所有参与者均患有智障，其中6人患有唐氏综合征。研究参与者被归类为来自当地游泳俱乐部的S14级运动员。所有参与者至少有四年的游泳经验，并且连续八个月每周参加两到三次一小时的训练课程。所有运动员都完成了两次25米自由泳测试，一次在训练课程结束时，另一次在新的训练课程开始时。测量指标包括体重、体重指数（BMI）、握力（HGS）、心率（测试前和测试后）、成绩（T25）、划水次数（SC）、划水长度（SL）、划水频率和SWOLF效率指数。结果显示，体重（80.2±16.1至81.7±15.9）、BMI（26.8±5.5至27.2±5.5）、T25（33.1±17.1至35.6±18）、SC（19.3±6.1至20.7±7.2）和SWOLF（52.4±22.0至56.3±25.2）有统计学意义的升高，而SL（1.39±0.48至1.27±0.42）有所下降。然而，其余参数未观察到显著差异。在整个研究过程中，发现体重、BMI、HGS和SWOLF与T25之间存在显著相关性。得出的结论是，智障个体在三个月的停训后，25米游泳成绩下降是由于技术因素而非生理因素。
