Dunseath Chloe, Bova Emma J, Wilson Elizabeth, Care Marguerite, Cecil Kim M
Medical School, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
Tomography. 2024 Dec 20;10(12):2100-2127. doi: 10.3390/tomography10120149.
Using a pediatric-focused lens, this review article briefly summarizes the presentation of several demyelinating and neuroinflammatory diseases using conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences, such as T1-weighted with and without an exogenous gadolinium-based contrast agent, T2-weighted, and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR). These conventional sequences exploit the intrinsic properties of tissue to provide a distinct signal contrast that is useful for evaluating disease features and monitoring treatment responses in patients by characterizing lesion involvement in the central nervous system and tracking temporal features with blood-brain barrier disruption. Illustrative examples are presented for pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis and neuroinflammatory diseases. This work also highlights findings from advanced MRI techniques, often infrequently employed due to the challenges involved in acquisition, post-processing, and interpretation, and identifies the need for future studies to extract the unique information, such as alterations in neurochemistry, disruptions of structural organization, or atypical functional connectivity, that may be relevant for the diagnosis and management of disease.
本文以儿科为重点，简要总结了几种脱髓鞘和神经炎性疾病在常规磁共振成像（MRI）序列下的表现，这些序列包括有或无外源性钆基造影剂的T1加权成像、T2加权成像以及液体衰减反转恢复（FLAIR）成像。这些常规序列利用组织的固有特性提供独特的信号对比，通过表征中枢神经系统的病变累及情况以及追踪血脑屏障破坏的时间特征，有助于评估疾病特征和监测患者的治疗反应。文中给出了儿童期多发性硬化症和神经炎性疾病的示例。这项工作还强调了先进MRI技术的研究结果，这些技术由于采集、后处理和解读方面的挑战而较少使用，并指出未来研究需要提取独特信息，如神经化学改变、结构组织破坏或非典型功能连接，这些信息可能与疾病的诊断和管理相关。
