Mao Meng, Wu Yingjie, He Qiang
School of Medicine and Health, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150080, China.
Bioconjug Chem. 2025 Jan 15;36(1):1-14. doi: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00480. Epub 2024 Dec 27.
Self-propelled micro/nanomotors (MNMs) represent a groundbreaking advancement in precision drug delivery, offering potential solutions to persistent challenges such as systemic toxicity, limited bioavailability, and nonspecific distribution. By transforming various energy sources into mechanical motion, MNMs are able to autonomously navigate through complex physiological environments, facilitating targeted delivery of therapeutic agents to previously inaccessible regions. However, to achieve efficient in vivo drug delivery, biomedical MNMs must demonstrate their ability to overcome crucial physiological barriers encompassing mucosal surfaces, blood flow dynamics, vascular endothelium, and cellular membrane. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the latest strategies developed to address these obstacles while also analyzing the broader challenges and opportunities associated with clinical translation. Our objective is to establish a solid foundation for future research in medical MNMs by focusing on enhancing drug delivery efficiency and advancing precision medicine, ultimately paving the way for practical theragnostic applications and wider clinical adoption.
自驱动微纳马达（MNMs）代表了精确药物递送领域的一项突破性进展，为诸如全身毒性、生物利用度有限和非特异性分布等长期存在的挑战提供了潜在解决方案。通过将各种能源转化为机械运动，MNMs能够在复杂的生理环境中自主导航，促进治疗剂向以前难以到达的区域进行靶向递送。然而，为了实现高效的体内药物递送，生物医学MNMs必须证明它们有能力克服包括粘膜表面、血流动力学、血管内皮和细胞膜在内的关键生理屏障。本综述全面概述了为应对这些障碍而开发的最新策略，同时分析了与临床转化相关的更广泛挑战和机遇。我们的目标是通过专注于提高药物递送效率和推进精准医学，为医学MNMs的未来研究奠定坚实基础，最终为实际的诊疗应用和更广泛的临床应用铺平道路。
