Liu Meihuan, Tu Binbin, Liu Lu, Chen Bin, Tu Yingfeng
School of Pharmaceutical Science, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, Chin.
Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 2020 Mar 30;40(3):445-452. doi: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2020.03.25.
As a new type of micro-/nanomachines, self-propelled micro-/nanomotors (MNMs) can convert chemical or external energies from the surrounding environment into mechanical forces to produce autonomous motion. The ability of autonomous movement allows these MNMs to move actively to the targeted locations, and thus confers great potentials on the MNMs for applications in biomedicine, especially in drug delivery. MNMs have been shown to effectively load therapeutic payloads for active delivery to the disease site, which greatly improves the therapeutic efficacy and reduces side effects compared with the traditional nanodrugs. In this review, we provide an overview of different propulsion mechanisms of MNMs, including chemical propulsion based on redox reaction and external field propulsion driven by external energy such as light, magnetic field, electric field and ultrasound, followed by a review of the recent progress in active drug delivery based on MNMs in the past decade. We also discuss the current challenges and future perspectives of the application of the MNMs.
作为一种新型的微纳机器，自驱动微纳马达（MNMs）能够将来自周围环境的化学能或外部能量转化为机械力，从而产生自主运动。自主运动的能力使这些微纳马达能够主动移动到目标位置，因此赋予了它们在生物医学，尤其是药物递送方面的巨大应用潜力。研究表明，微纳马达能够有效地负载治疗药物并主动递送至疾病部位，与传统纳米药物相比，这大大提高了治疗效果并减少了副作用。在这篇综述中，我们概述了微纳马达的不同推进机制，包括基于氧化还原反应的化学推进以及由光、磁场、电场和超声等外部能量驱动的外部场推进，随后回顾了过去十年中基于微纳马达的主动药物递送的最新进展。我们还讨论了微纳马达应用当前面临的挑战和未来前景。
