Pan Jingying, Zhang Xiaodi, Shi Danrong, Tian Xuebin, Xu Lijun, Lu Xiangyun, Dong Mingqing, Yao Peng, Pan Zhaoyi, Ling Zongxin, Wu Nanping, Yao Hangping
State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, China.
Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, 250000, China.
Sci Rep. 2024 Dec 28;14(1):31211. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-82596-0.
High SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody levels can protect against SARS-CoV-2 reinfection. The gut microbiome can affect a host's immune response. However, its role in the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 in people living with HIV (PLWH) remains poorly understood. Here, we categorised PLWH and healthy individuals into high- and low-antibody-response groups. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing and targeted metabolomic assays were used to investigate the differences in the gut microbiome and metabolic functions between the high- and low-antibody-response groups. PLWH demonstrated a higher abundance of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing species, accompanied by high serum levels of several SCFAs, in the high-antibody-response group than in the low-antibody-response group. In contrast, healthy individuals demonstrated higher enrichment of pilus-bearing bacterial species, with flagella-expressing genes, in the high-antibody-response group than in the low-antibody-response group. Therefore, gut-microbiota-derived SCFAs play a key role in antibody responses in PLWH but not in healthy individuals. Our results afford a novel understanding of how the gut microbiome and its metabolites are associated with host immunity. Moreover, they may facilitate the exploration of modalities to prevent SARS-CoV-2 reinfection through various gut-microbiota-targeted interventions tailored to different populations.
高SARS-CoV-2特异性抗体水平可预防SARS-CoV-2再次感染。肠道微生物群可影响宿主的免疫反应。然而，其在HIV感染者（PLWH）对SARS-CoV-2的抗体反应中的作用仍知之甚少。在此，我们将PLWH和健康个体分为高抗体反应组和低抗体反应组。采用鸟枪法宏基因组测序和靶向代谢组学分析来研究高抗体反应组和低抗体反应组之间肠道微生物群和代谢功能的差异。与低抗体反应组相比，PLWH的高抗体反应组中产生短链脂肪酸（SCFA）的物种丰度更高，同时几种SCFA的血清水平也较高。相反，与低抗体反应组相比，健康个体的高抗体反应组中带有菌毛的细菌物种以及表达鞭毛的基因的富集程度更高。因此，肠道微生物群衍生的SCFAs在PLWH的抗体反应中起关键作用，但在健康个体中并非如此。我们的研究结果为肠道微生物群及其代谢产物如何与宿主免疫相关提供了新的认识。此外，它们可能有助于探索通过针对不同人群的各种肠道微生物群靶向干预措施来预防SARS-CoV-2再次感染的方式。
