Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases (Ministry of Education), Institute for Viral Hepatitis, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Department of Infectious Diseases, The people's hospital of Jiulongpo district, Chongqing, China.
Life Sci. 2024 Dec 1;358:123197. doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.123197. Epub 2024 Oct 29.
Human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) co-infection may cause different immune imprinting, which leads to different hybrid immunity and clinical manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019. This study aims to evaluate the immune imprinting from wild-type(WT) vaccination in people living with HIV(PLWH) and analyze its effect on hybrid immunity and clinical manifestations.
We enrolled 118 PLWH to compared the differences of BA.5-specific immune response in different immune modes. 20 vaccinated healthy individuals(HC) and 30 vaccinated PLWH were matched to compare the differences of the status of Omicron infection, serum neutralizing antibody levels against WT and BA.5, and specific lymphocytes expression, separately.
Hybrid immunity had a higher level of BA.5 IgG than either vaccine immunity only or natural immunity only in PLWH but didn't have a higher level of BA.5-specific lymphocytes responses. PLWH had fewer symptoms than HC after breakthrough infection. The neutralizing inhibition rate of PLWH was higher for BA.5 and lower for WT, while the neutralizing inhibition rate of HC was higher for WT and lower for BA.5. The difference value of specific B lymphocytes/memory B cells/follicular helper T cells of PLWH was greater than that of HC.
Hybrid immunity of PLWH has a higher level of Omicron-specific IgG without a higher level of Omicron-specific lymphocytes due to immune imprinting. However, there is a stronger neutralizing ability against variants of PLWH due to the weaker immune imprinting of PLWH than that of healthy people, which may lead to fewer symptoms in PLWH after breakthrough infection.
人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）合并感染可能导致不同的免疫印记，从而导致 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）的混合免疫和临床表现不同。本研究旨在评估 HIV 感染者（PLWH）中野生型（WT）疫苗接种的免疫印记，并分析其对混合免疫和临床症状的影响。
我们招募了 118 名 PLWH，以比较不同免疫模式下 BA.5 特异性免疫反应的差异。将 20 名接种疫苗的健康个体（HC）和 30 名接种疫苗的 PLWH 进行匹配，分别比较奥密克戎感染状态、针对 WT 和 BA.5 的血清中和抗体水平以及特异性淋巴细胞表达的差异。
与仅疫苗免疫或仅自然免疫相比，PLWH 的混合免疫对 BA.5 IgG 水平更高，但 BA.5 特异性淋巴细胞反应水平没有更高。PLWH 突破感染后的症状比 HC 少。PLWH 对 BA.5 的中和抑制率较高，对 WT 的中和抑制率较低，而 HC 对 WT 的中和抑制率较高，对 BA.5 的中和抑制率较低。PLWH 的特异性 B 淋巴细胞/记忆 B 细胞/滤泡辅助 T 细胞差值大于 HC。
由于免疫印记，PLWH 的混合免疫对奥密克戎的特异性 IgG 水平更高，但对奥密克戎的特异性淋巴细胞水平没有更高。然而，由于 PLWH 的免疫印记比健康人弱，因此对变异体的中和能力更强，这可能导致 PLWH 突破感染后的症状更少。
