Albaladejo-Riad Nora, El Qendouci Mouna, Cuesta Alberto, Esteban M Ángeles
Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus of International Excellence, Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
Laboratory of Biodiversity, Ecology and Genome, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco.
Sci Rep. 2024 Dec 28;14(1):31404. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-83033-y.
The aim of the study was to investigate the potential preventive use of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) to modulate inflammatory responses in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) skin. Initially, in vitro experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of various concentrations of butyric acid, acetic acid and propionic acid, as well as their combination, on the cytotoxicity and cell viability of three different cell lines. The results determined the safe concentration of SCFAs, which was then used for an in vivo study. Fish were allocated into six groups and administered different combinations of SCFAs via intramuscular injection, followed by an injection of carrageenan as an inflammatory agent. Skin samples were taken from the injection site three hours post-administration and used to analyse gene expression and immunohistochemistry. The results demonstrated that treatment with SCFAs resulted in increased expression of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory genes and leucocyte markers in the inflamed skin of fish. The highest gene expression and recruitment of acidophilic granulocytes were observed in fish injected with propionic acid and carrageenan. It is concluded that acetic acid is the most effective anti-inflammatory SCFA tested in gilthead seabream exposed to acute inflammation induced by carrageenan injection. Acetic acid exhibited the most pronounced direct anti-inflammatory effect, although propionic acid appeared to play a significant role in several mechanisms contributing to the resolution of inflammation and recruitment of immune cells to the site of carrageenan-inflamed area in gilthead seabream skin.
本研究的目的是调查短链脂肪酸（SCFAs）在调节金头鲷（Sparus aurata）皮肤炎症反应方面的潜在预防用途。最初，进行了体外实验，以评估不同浓度的丁酸、乙酸和丙酸及其组合对三种不同细胞系的细胞毒性和细胞活力的影响。结果确定了SCFAs的安全浓度，随后将其用于体内研究。将鱼分为六组，通过肌肉注射给予不同组合的SCFAs，随后注射角叉菜胶作为炎症剂。给药后三小时从注射部位采集皮肤样本，用于分析基因表达和免疫组织化学。结果表明，用SCFAs处理导致鱼炎症皮肤中促炎和抗炎基因以及白细胞标志物的表达增加。在注射丙酸和角叉菜胶的鱼中观察到最高的基因表达和嗜酸性粒细胞募集。得出的结论是，在注射角叉菜胶诱导急性炎症的金头鲷中，乙酸是测试的最有效的抗炎SCFA。乙酸表现出最明显的直接抗炎作用，尽管丙酸似乎在有助于解决炎症和将免疫细胞募集到金头鲷皮肤角叉菜胶炎症区域的几种机制中发挥了重要作用。
