Skórka Piotr, Grzywacz Beata, Bełcik Michał, Tryjanowski Piotr
Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, Adama Mickiewicza 33, 31-120, Kraków, Poland.
Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31-016, Kraków, Poland.
Sci Rep. 2024 Dec 28;14(1):31400. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-82937-z.
We examined how urban environments affect the abundance, proportion, and diversity of plumage color morphs in feral pigeons. Five major plumage color morphs (black, blue, white, red, and mixed) were counted in sixty 25-ha plots in Poznań City (Poland). Generalized additive models were used to study the correlations among abundance, proportion of morphs, and environmental factors. Anthropogenic food sources were positively correlated with the abundance of black morphs and the proportions of black and red morphs. The blue morph abundance peaked at a moderate percentage of tall building cover, but its proportion decreased. A similar decrease was observed in the mixed plumage morphs. The abundance of blue morphs decreased, whereas the abundance of white morphs and the proportion of red morphs increased as the distance from the city center increased. The plumage color morph diversity (Simpson) index was positively correlated with food sources and hedgerow density but negatively correlated with street density. Color morph diversity in the study area may be sustained by differential responses of morphs to the environmental features of the urban environment. However, the positive correlation between the abundance of morphs indicates social attraction rather than social isolation among plumage color morphs.
我们研究了城市环境如何影响野生家鸽羽色形态的数量、比例和多样性。在波兰波兹南市的60个25公顷的地块中统计了五种主要羽色形态（黑色、蓝色、白色、红色和杂色）。使用广义相加模型来研究数量、形态比例与环境因素之间的相关性。人为食物来源与黑色形态的数量以及黑色和红色形态的比例呈正相关。蓝色形态的数量在高层建筑覆盖率适中时达到峰值，但其比例下降。杂色羽形态也观察到类似的下降。随着距市中心距离的增加，蓝色形态的数量减少，而白色形态的数量和红色形态的比例增加。羽色形态多样性（辛普森）指数与食物来源和树篱密度呈正相关，但与街道密度呈负相关。研究区域内的羽色形态多样性可能是由于不同形态对城市环境特征的差异反应而得以维持。然而，形态数量之间的正相关表明羽色形态之间是社会吸引而非社会隔离。
