Zečević Nebojša, Kocić Jovana, Perović Milan, Stojsavljević Aleksandar
Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics "Narodni front", Kraljice Natalije 62, Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Doktora Subotića 8, Belgrade, Serbia; Special Hospital Belgrade, Human Reproduction Center, Antifašističke borbe 2a, Belgrade, Serbia.
Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics "Narodni front", Kraljice Natalije 62, Belgrade, Serbia.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2025 Jan 15;290:117623. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.117623. Epub 2024 Dec 28.
Infertility has become a serious health and socio-economic-psychological problem globally. The harmful role of trace metals in male infertility is recognized but still not sufficiently explained. Herein, a comprehensive review was conducted to elucidate the detrimental role of cadmium (Cd) on male infertility, particularly on infertility with unknown (idiopathic) causes. Peer-reviewed studies from 2000 to 2024 dealing with seminal plasma and blood Cd levels of fertile and infertile men were retrieved were interrogated with regard to strict inclusion/exclusion criteria, and then were thoroughly reviewed and analyzed. Another aim of this review was to indicate the potential effects of Cd on changes in seminogram findings. A median range of seminal plasma Cd levels from 0.2 to 1.5 µg/L can be considered safe for men's fertility. This review strongly implies that Cd levels were notably higher in seminal plasma of infertile cases than controls. The review's data also indicate that exposure to tobacco smoke is a major source of elevated seminal and blood Cd levels in infertile men. Newer research points to the importance of Cd in lower levels from the environment on changes in seminogram findings, primarily count, motility of spermatozoa, and their morphology. Overall, this review implies that seminal plasma Cd levels could be a good indicator of semen quality. However, new, in-depth studies are needed to confirm or reject the causal relationship of Cd with male infertility.
在全球范围内，不孕症已成为一个严重的健康及社会经济心理问题。痕量金属在男性不育症中的有害作用已得到认可，但仍未得到充分解释。在此，我们进行了一项全面综述，以阐明镉（Cd）对男性不育症的有害作用，特别是对不明原因（特发性）不育症的影响。检索了2000年至2024年有关生育男性和不育男性精液血浆和血液中镉水平的同行评审研究，并根据严格的纳入/排除标准进行了审查，然后进行了全面的回顾和分析。本综述的另一个目的是指出镉对精液检查结果变化的潜在影响。精液血浆镉水平的中位数范围为0.2至1.5μg/L可被认为对男性生育能力是安全的。本综述强烈表明，不育病例精液血浆中的镉水平明显高于对照组。综述数据还表明，接触烟草烟雾是不育男性精液和血液中镉水平升高的主要来源。最新研究指出，环境中较低水平的镉对精液检查结果变化的重要性，主要是精子计数、活力及其形态。总体而言，本综述表明精液血浆镉水平可能是精液质量的一个良好指标。然而，需要新的深入研究来证实或否定镉与男性不育症之间的因果关系。
