You Guopeng, Pan Xinliang, Li Jun, Zhao Shaocong
Department of Physical Education, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China.
School of Kinesiology, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2024 Dec 13;18:1485037. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1485037. eCollection 2024.
Conventional research has asserted that cognitive function, particularly, response inhibition, is closely related to the inferior frontal cortex (IFC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), or orbital frontal cortex (OFC), which belong to the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Different targets of anodal or cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (a-tDCS or c-tDCS) would affect the experimental results, but the stimulation of the same brain target would produce inconsistent findings.
This study aimed to investigate the effects of a-tDCS and c-tDCS applied over the PFC for healthy populations on reactive and proactive control process compared with sham or no tDCS conditions, as assessed using the Stop-signal task (SST) and Go/NoGo (GNG) task performance.
This systematic review was performed following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Search was conducted on Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, Elsevier, Scopus, and Science Direct until March 2024. Studies that assessed the inhibitory control in SST or/and GNG tasks were included to achieve a homogenous sample.
Fourteen studies were included for meta-analyses, which were performed for two outcome measures, namely, stop-signal reaction time (SSRT) and commission error (CE) rate. A-tDCS and c-tDCS over the PFC had significant ergogenic effects on SST performance (mean difference = -17.03, 95% CI [-24.62, -9.43], < 0.0001; mean difference = -15.19, 95% CI [-19.82, -10.55], < 0.00001), and that of a-tDCS had a positive effect on GNG task performance (mean difference = -1.42, 95% CI [-2.71, -0.14], = 0.03).
This review confirmed the engagement of PFC tDCS in reactive and proactive inhibitory processes. Future research should increase sample size and implement personalized stimulus protocols.
传统研究认为，认知功能，尤其是反应抑制，与前额叶皮质（PFC）中的额下回（IFC）、背外侧前额叶皮质（DLPFC）或眶额皮质（OFC）密切相关。阳极或阴极经颅直流电刺激（a-tDCS或c-tDCS）的不同靶点会影响实验结果，但对同一脑靶点的刺激会产生不一致的结果。
本研究旨在探讨与假刺激或无tDCS条件相比，对健康人群前额叶皮质施加a-tDCS和c-tDCS对反应性和主动性控制过程的影响，使用停止信号任务（SST）和Go/NoGo（GNG）任务表现进行评估。
本系统评价按照系统评价和Meta分析的首选报告项目指南进行。截至2024年3月，在Web of Science、谷歌学术、PubMed、爱思唯尔、Scopus和Science Direct上进行了检索。纳入评估SST或/和GNG任务中抑制控制的研究以获得同质样本。
纳入14项研究进行Meta分析，针对两个结果指标进行分析，即停止信号反应时间（SSRT）和错误率（CE）。前额叶皮质的a-tDCS和c-tDCS对SST表现有显著的促力效应（平均差异=-17.03，95%CI[-24.62，-9.43]，<0.0001；平均差异=-15.19，95%CI[-19.82，-10.55]，<0.00001），且a-tDCS对GNG任务表现有积极影响（平均差异=-1.42，95%CI[-2.71，-0.14]，=0.03）。
本综述证实了前额叶皮质tDCS参与反应性和主动性抑制过程。未来的研究应增加样本量并实施个性化刺激方案。
