Animal models of cochlear implant: Classification and update.

Cochlear implantation (CI) is currently recognized as the most effective treatment for severe to profound sensorineural deafness and is considered one of the most successful neural prostheses. Since its inception in 1961, cochlear implantation has expanded its range of applications to encompass younger newborns, older people, and individuals with unilateral hearing loss. In addition, it has improved its surgical methods to minimize the occurrence of complications. Furthermore, notable advancements have been made in the design of electrodes, techniques for speech processing, and software for programming. Nevertheless, inflammation, fibrosis, and even ossification are observed in the cochlea of nearly all cochlear implant (CI) patients. These tissue responses might have a negative impact on the performance of the implants, residual hearing, and the results of post-operative CI rehabilitation. Animal models are significant translational tools that offer essential preclinical data for possible therapeutics. Thus, this study concentrates on the existing animal models used for cochlear implantation, highlights the advancements made in research, and offers insights into potential future research areas.