Reiss Lina A J, Kirk Jonathon, Claussen Alexander D, Fallon James B
Department of Otolaryngology, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239.
Cochlear Limited, 1 University Ave, Macquarie Park, NSW 2113, Australia.
Hear Res. 2022 Dec;426:108624. doi: 10.1016/j.heares.2022.108624. Epub 2022 Sep 29.
Many hearing-impaired patients may significantly benefit from the Hybrid or electro-acoustic stimulation (EAS) cochlear implant (CI). However, as much as 30-55% of CI recipients lose residual hearing after implantation and the potential for associated benefits of EAS over traditional electric-only stimulation. The cause of this post-implantation hearing loss may be immediate or delayed and result from several factors, including surgical trauma, electric stimulation, and the foreign body response. Clinical and post-mortem studies have helped identify factors effecting EAS performance. Animal CI models are an essential translational tool to further investigate these pertinent issues through histopathological investigation with greater control of biological and stimulation variables as well as other unique research tools not available in clinical and post-mortem research. Additionally, animal CI models may provide useful preclinical data for potential therapeutic strategies aimed at improving EAS outcomes. Here we review the parameters required for rigorous study of mechanisms of post-implantation hearing loss, including selection of animal model, hearing loss model, age and sex considerations, surgical technique, and chronic electrical stimulation.
许多听力受损患者可能会从混合式或电声刺激（EAS）人工耳蜗（CI）中显著获益。然而，高达30%-55%的CI植入者在植入后会丧失残余听力，以及EAS相对于传统纯电刺激的潜在相关益处。这种植入后听力损失的原因可能是即时的或延迟的，由多种因素导致，包括手术创伤、电刺激和异物反应。临床和尸检研究有助于确定影响EAS性能的因素。动物CI模型是一种重要的转化工具，可通过组织病理学研究进一步探究这些相关问题，更好地控制生物学和刺激变量以及临床和尸检研究中无法获得的其他独特研究工具。此外，动物CI模型可为旨在改善EAS结果的潜在治疗策略提供有用的临床前数据。在此，我们综述了对植入后听力损失机制进行严谨研究所需的参数，包括动物模型的选择、听力损失模型、年龄和性别考量、手术技术以及慢性电刺激。
