Mourad Amira M I, Ahmed Asmaa A M, Baenziger P Stephen, Börner Andreas, Sallam Ahmed
Genebank Department, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland, Germany.
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Assuit University, Assiut, Egypt.
Front Plant Sci. 2024 Dec 13;15:1516317. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1516317. eCollection 2024.
Wheat ( spp.) is one of the most important cereal crops in the world. Several diseases affect wheat production and can cause 20-80% yield loss annually. Out of these diseases, stripe rust, also known as yellow rust ( f. sp. ), stem rust ( f. sp. ), leaf rust (), and powdery mildew ( f. sp. ) are the most important fungal diseases that infect the foliar part of the plant. Many efforts were made to improve wheat resistance to these diseases. Due to the continuous advancement in sequencing methods and genomic tools, genome-wide association study has become available worldwide. This analysis enabled wheat breeders to detect genomic regions controlling the resistance in specific countries. In this review, molecular markers significantly associated with the resistance of the mentioned foliar diseases in the last five years were reviewed. Common markers that control broad-spectrum resistance in different countries were identified. Furthermore, common genes controlling the resistance of more than one of these foliar diseases were identified. The importance of these genes, their functional annotation, and the potential for gene enrichment are discussed. This review will be valuable to wheat breeders in producing genotypes with broad-spectrum resistance by applying genomic selection for the target common markers and associated genes.
小麦（ spp.）是世界上最重要的谷类作物之一。多种病害影响小麦生产，每年可导致20%-80%的产量损失。在这些病害中，条锈病（也称为黄锈病， f. sp.）、秆锈病（ f. sp.）、叶锈病（）和白粉病（ f. sp.）是侵染植物叶片部分的最重要的真菌病害。人们为提高小麦对这些病害的抗性付出了诸多努力。由于测序方法和基因组工具的不断进步，全基因组关联研究在全球范围内得以开展。这种分析使小麦育种者能够在特定国家检测到控制抗性的基因组区域。在本综述中，对过去五年中与上述叶部病害抗性显著相关的分子标记进行了综述。确定了在不同国家控制广谱抗性的常见标记。此外，还确定了控制上述多种叶部病害抗性的共同基因。讨论了这些基因的重要性、它们的功能注释以及基因富集的潜力。本综述对于小麦育种者通过对目标常见标记和相关基因进行基因组选择来培育具有广谱抗性的基因型具有重要价值。
