Biset Wondimnew Mersha, Nasser Nura, Tolu Lemi Belay, Tsega Nuhamin Tesfa, Abraha Mebratu
Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Saint Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Saint Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Front Med (Lausanne). 2024 Dec 16;11:1466554. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1466554. eCollection 2024.
Preoperative anemia is a common hematologic public health problem among elective surgical patients. Preoperative anemia complications independently increase the risk of perioperative complications and mortality rate. Despite this complication, there is a scarcity of evidence on the prevalence and associated factors of preoperative anemia among adult elective surgical patients in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the magnitude and associated factors of preoperative anemia among adult elective surgical patients at Saint Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1 to 30, 2024 at Saint Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College. A consecutive sampling technique was used to select eligible study participants. Chart review and a structured, pretested, and interviewer-administered questionnaire were employed. Kobo toolbox was used to collect the data and exported to SPSS version 25 software for data cleaning, coding, and analysis. Binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with preoperative anemia. An adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with its 95% CI and a -value of ≤0.05 was used to declare a statistical association.
A total of 247 study participants were included in the analysis, giving a response rate of 98.8%. Majority (68%) of the participants were from urban areas. The median age of the patient was 38 (IQR ± 32) years. The magnitude of preoperative anemia was found to be 27.1% (95% CI: 21.9, 33.1). Being female (AOR = 3.44; 95%CI: 1.53, 7.73), being overweight (AOR = 0.26; 95%CI: 0.10, 0.88), and having infection and injury/trauma as indications for surgery (AOR = 4.59; 95%CI: 1.62, 12.96) and (AOR = 3.58; 95%CI: 1.35, 9.49) were significantly associated with preoperative anemia.
In this study, more than one-fourth of the study participants had preoperative anemia. To decrease this public health problem, it is better to screen at risk patients, specifically females and trauma patients during the preoperative visit and disseminate information about a healthy diet and the prevention and treatment of anemia through health education.
术前贫血是择期手术患者中常见的血液学公共卫生问题。术前贫血并发症会独立增加围手术期并发症风险和死亡率。尽管存在这一并发症，但关于埃塞俄比亚成年择期手术患者术前贫血的患病率及相关因素的证据却很匮乏。因此，本研究旨在调查埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴圣保罗医院千禧医学院成年择期手术患者术前贫血的严重程度及相关因素。
2024年1月1日至30日在圣保罗医院千禧医学院开展了一项基于机构的横断面研究。采用连续抽样技术选取符合条件的研究参与者。采用病历审查以及一份经过预测试且由访谈员管理的结构化问卷。使用Kobo工具箱收集数据，并导出至SPSS 25版软件进行数据清理、编码和分析。采用二元逻辑回归模型来确定与术前贫血相关的因素。校正比值比（AOR）及其95%置信区间以及p值≤0.05用于判定统计学关联。
共有247名研究参与者纳入分析，应答率为98.8%。大多数（68%）参与者来自城市地区。患者的年龄中位数为38（四分位距±32）岁。术前贫血的严重程度为27.1%（95%置信区间：21.9，33.1）。女性（AOR = 3.44；95%置信区间：1.53，7.73）、超重（AOR = 0.26；95%置信区间：0.10，0.88）以及手术指征为感染和损伤/创伤（AOR = 4.59；95%置信区间：1.62，12.96）和（AOR = 3.58；95%置信区间：1.35，9.49）与术前贫血显著相关。
在本研究中，超过四分之一的研究参与者存在术前贫血。为减少这一公共卫生问题，最好在术前访视时对高危患者，特别是女性和创伤患者进行筛查，并通过健康教育传播有关健康饮食以及贫血预防和治疗的信息。
