Feng Chao, Liu Chang
School of Economics and Business Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2025 Jan;32(3):1653-1667. doi: 10.1007/s11356-024-35789-z. Epub 2024 Dec 31.
The coordinated development of water, energy, and food (WEF) is crucial to the fate and overall development plan of China in the new era. The aim of this study is to examine the coupling coordination of China's inter-provincial WEF security system, by using comprehensive development index model, coupling coordination model, the GM (1,1) gray forecast model, and China's provincial panel data from 2004 to 2021. The results of the study showed that the coupling coordination of China's inter-provincial WEF security system has significantly improved, adjusting from a near imbalance in 2004 to a good coupling coordination state in 2021. As of 2021, 13 provinces in China have entered a state of good coupling coordination. The forecast results display that the coupling coordination level of China's WEF security will show a significant upward trend from 2022 to 2030. By 2030, 22 provinces in the country are expected to achieve good coupling coordination or above. And 13 of these countries will achieve a high-quality coupling coordination.
水、能源和粮食（WEF）的协调发展对新时代中国的命运和总体发展规划至关重要。本研究旨在利用综合发展指数模型、耦合协调模型、GM（1,1）灰色预测模型以及2004年至2021年的中国省级面板数据，考察中国省际WEF安全系统的耦合协调性。研究结果表明，中国省际WEF安全系统的耦合协调性有显著提升，从2004年的近乎失衡状态调整为2021年的良好耦合协调状态。截至2021年，中国有13个省份进入了良好耦合协调状态。预测结果显示，2022年至2030年中国WEF安全的耦合协调水平将呈现显著上升趋势。到2030年，全国预计有22个省份实现良好耦合协调及以上水平。其中13个省份将实现高质量耦合协调。
