San Martín Carmen
Department of Macromolecular Structure, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
Subcell Biochem. 2024;105:431-467. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-65187-8_12.
Viral particles consist essentially of a proteinaceous capsid that protects the genome and is also involved in many functions during the virus life cycle. In structurally simple viruses, the capsid consists of a number of copies of the same, or a few different proteins organized into a symmetric oligomer. Structurally complex viruses present a larger variety of components in their capsids than simple viruses. They may contain accessory proteins with specific architectural or functional roles, or incorporate non-proteic elements such as lipids. They present a range of geometrical variability, from slight deviations from the icosahedral symmetry to complete asymmetry or even pleomorphism. Putting together the many different elements in the virion requires an extra effort to achieve correct assembly, and thus complex viruses require sophisticated mechanisms to regulate morphogenesis. This chapter provides a general view of the structure and assembly of complex viruses.
病毒粒子主要由蛋白质衣壳组成，该衣壳保护基因组并且在病毒生命周期中还参与许多功能。在结构简单的病毒中，衣壳由相同的或几种不同蛋白质的多个拷贝组成，这些蛋白质组装成对称的寡聚体。结构复杂的病毒在其衣壳中呈现出比简单病毒更多样化的成分。它们可能含有具有特定结构或功能作用的辅助蛋白，或者并入非蛋白质成分，如脂质。它们呈现出一系列几何变异性，从与二十面体对称性的轻微偏差到完全不对称甚至多形性。将病毒粒子中的许多不同元件组合在一起需要额外的努力以实现正确组装，因此复杂病毒需要复杂的机制来调节形态发生。本章提供了复杂病毒结构和组装的概述。
