van Raaij Mark J
Department of Macromolecular Structure, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
Subcell Biochem. 2024;105:593-628. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-65187-8_17.
Correct host cell recognition is important in the replication cycle for any virus, including bacterial viruses. This essential step should occur before the bacteriophage commits to transferring its genomic material into the target bacterium. In this chapter, we will discuss the mechanisms and proteins bacteriophages use for receptor recognition (just before full commitment to infection) and nucleic acid injection, which occurs just after commitment. Some bacteriophages use proteins of the capsid proper for host cell recognition, others use specialised spikes or fibres. Usually, several identical recognition events take place, and the information that a suitable host cell has been encountered is somehow transferred to the part of the bacteriophage capsid involved in nucleic acid transfer. The main part of the capsids of bacteriophages stays on the cell surface after transferring their genome, although a few specialised proteins move with the DNA, either forming a conduit, protecting the nucleic acids after transfer and/or functioning in the process of transcription and translation.
对于任何病毒，包括细菌病毒而言，正确识别宿主细胞在其复制周期中都至关重要。这一关键步骤应在噬菌体致力于将其基因组物质转移到目标细菌之前发生。在本章中，我们将讨论噬菌体用于受体识别（就在完全致力于感染之前）和核酸注入（就在致力于感染之后发生）的机制和蛋白质。一些噬菌体利用衣壳本身的蛋白质来识别宿主细胞，另一些则利用特殊的刺突或纤维。通常会发生几次相同的识别事件，并且遇到合适宿主细胞的信息会以某种方式传递到噬菌体衣壳中参与核酸转移的部分。噬菌体衣壳的主要部分在转移其基因组后会留在细胞表面，尽管有一些特殊的蛋白质会与DNA一起移动，要么形成一个通道，在转移后保护核酸和/或在转录和翻译过程中发挥作用。
