Engineering and Bio/Nanotechnological Applications of Virus Particles.

Virus particles (VPs) are naturally evolved nanomachines. Their outstanding molecular structures, physical and chemical properties, and biological activities make them potentially useful for many biomedical or technological applications. Natural VPs such as virions or capsids must, however, be modified by genetic and/or chemical engineering in order to become adequate for many specific uses. We present first a general overview of the methods used for obtaining virions and viral capsids, and of genetic and chemical engineering approaches to suitably modify VPs. In the second part of the chapter, we present an updated overview on current or developing applications of engineered VPs as tools, materials, reagents, or nanodevices in biomedicine, biotechnology, or nanotechnology.