Őry Fanni, Kiss Botond László, Zsidó András Norbert, Teleki Szidalisz Ágnes
Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences,Institute of Psychology, University of Pécs, 6 Ifjúság Street, Pécs, 7624, Hungary.
Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary.
Sci Rep. 2024 Dec 30;14(1):32104. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-83837-y.
Living with chronic conditions like diabetes mellitus (DM) or insulin resistance (IR) requires significant self-management, adding to daily life stressors. This stress, known as diabetes distress, along with health empowerment from proper diet and lifestyle, and motivation to eat healthily, greatly impacts quality of life and disease outcomes. Different patient subgroups (type 1 diabetic (T1DM), type 2 diabetic (T2DM), and insulin resistant (IR) individuals) face these challenges differently. This research aims to compare people with IR and DM to those without, and to compare IR, T1DM and T2DM subgroups on psychological factors. Data was collected via an online questionnaire from 746 participants (average age 37.5 years). Among them, 405 had IR (N = 177) or DM (Type 1: N = 116; Type 2: N = 112), and 341 were controls. Results showed that T2DM individuals scored lower than controls on Identified Regulation, Interoceptive Awareness, and Search for Meaning in Life, while the IR group had higher body-mind disconnection. T1DM individuals experienced the highest emotional distress due to the disease but the lowest distress from regular check-ups compared to T2DM and IR groups. The gradient boosting classification model indicated that IR and T1DM groups are homogeneous, whereas T2DM is heterogeneous, with significant within-group variation in disease experience and management. Despite similarities in daily life challenges, significant differences exist in disease experience among the groups. Individual characteristics of T2DM individuals further diversify their attitudes towards disease management.
患有糖尿病（DM）或胰岛素抵抗（IR）等慢性病需要进行大量的自我管理，这增加了日常生活中的压力源。这种压力被称为糖尿病困扰，连同合理饮食和生活方式带来的健康赋权以及健康饮食的动力，极大地影响生活质量和疾病结局。不同的患者亚组（1型糖尿病（T1DM）、2型糖尿病（T2DM）和胰岛素抵抗（IR）个体）面对这些挑战的方式有所不同。本研究旨在比较患有IR和DM的人与未患这些疾病的人，并比较IR、T1DM和T2DM亚组在心理因素方面的差异。通过在线问卷收集了746名参与者（平均年龄37.5岁）的数据。其中，405人患有IR（N = 177）或DM（1型：N = 116；2型：N = 112），341人为对照组。结果显示，T2DM个体在识别性调节、内感受性觉知和生活意义探寻方面的得分低于对照组，而IR组的身心脱节程度更高。与T2DM和IR组相比，T1DM个体因疾病经历的情绪困扰最高，但因定期检查产生的困扰最低。梯度提升分类模型表明，IR组和T1DM组具有同质性，而T2DM组具有异质性，在疾病经历和管理方面存在显著的组内差异。尽管在日常生活挑战方面存在相似之处，但各亚组在疾病经历上存在显著差异。T2DM个体的个体特征进一步使其对疾病管理的态度多样化。
