Silva João Pedro C, Rocha Raquel G, Siqueira Gilvana P, Nascimento Caio F, Santana Mario H P, Nossol Edson, Richter Eduardo M, da Silva Iranaldo S, Muñoz Rodrigo A A
Department of Chemical Technology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luis, MA, 65080-805, Brazil.
Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, 38408-100, Brazil.
Mikrochim Acta. 2024 Dec 31;192(1):47. doi: 10.1007/s00604-024-06910-3.
Babassu (Atallea sp.), a native palm tree from South America's Amazon produces bio-oil and biochar with significant potential for industrial applications. Babassu oil as a bio-based plasticizer is reported here for the first time to replace petrochemical alternatives in the production of conductive filaments for additive manufacturing purposes. The newly developed filament, consisting of 30 wt.% carbon black (CB), 60 wt.% polylactic acid (PLA), and 10 wt.% Babassu oil, demonstrates enhanced thermal stability, improved printability, and superior electrochemical performance. 3D-printed electrodes made from this Babassu-CB/PLA filament outperform those made from commercial CB/PLA filaments, exhibiting better voltammetric responses (e.g., lower peak-to-peak separation and higher current intensity) for inner-sphere redox probes. As a proof-of-concept, these bio-based electrodes were successfully used to detect cocaine in real-world street samples, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.2 µmol L. The Babassu-CB/PLA electrodes provided reliable cocaine quantification without interference from common adulterants such as caffeine, paracetamol, and phenacetin and showed no matrix effects, as confirmed by recovery values ranging from 88 to 102%. Notably, the use of Babassu oil eliminates the need for laborious post-treatment protocols to achieve optimal electrochemical performance. In this study, only mechanical polishing on the electrode surface is required. This study highlights the potential of Babassu oil as a sustainable alternative in the fabrication of conductive filaments for electrochemical applications, advancing the field of environmentally friendly and efficient 3D-printed sensors.
巴巴苏棕榈（Attalea sp.）是一种原产于南美洲亚马逊地区的棕榈树，它能生产具有重要工业应用潜力的生物油和生物炭。本文首次报道了将巴巴苏油作为生物基增塑剂，用于替代石化替代品，以生产用于增材制造的导电长丝。新开发的长丝由30重量%的炭黑（CB）、60重量%的聚乳酸（PLA）和10重量%的巴巴苏油组成，具有增强的热稳定性、改善的可打印性和优异的电化学性能。用这种巴巴苏-CB/PLA长丝制成的3D打印电极优于用商用CB/PLA长丝制成的电极，对于内球氧化还原探针表现出更好的伏安响应（例如，更低的峰峰分离度和更高的电流强度）。作为概念验证，这些生物基电极成功用于检测实际街头样本中的可卡因，检测限（LOD）为1.2 μmol/L。巴巴苏-CB/PLA电极能够可靠地定量可卡因，不受咖啡因、对乙酰氨基酚和非那西丁等常见掺假物的干扰，并且没有基质效应，回收率在88%至102%之间证实了这一点。值得注意的是，使用巴巴苏油无需繁琐的后处理方案就能实现最佳电化学性能。在本研究中，仅需对电极表面进行机械抛光。这项研究突出了巴巴苏油作为电化学应用导电长丝制造中可持续替代品的潜力，推动了环境友好型和高效3D打印传感器领域的发展。
